Pedro Almodóvar already answered this question as early as the 1980's (and kept on answering it in the 90's and 00's and 10's). And the answer is NO, a transgender character does not necessarily be played by a transgender actor. Throughout his career, Almodóvar has casted Trans actresses for trans- and cis-women roles, and also cis-men and cis-women as trans women. Also, of course, what is more common, heterosexual men and women as gay people, and cis- gays and lesbians as heterosexual people, and any other combination possible :-). Whatever worked for each role. Al this with tremendous commercial and artistic success, I have to say.
And because they were all notorious actors and actresses in Spain, everybody knew their real-life gender, and that added a fine coat of irony to his often crude, crazy, surreal stories.
For example: in "La ley del deseo" (Law of Desire, 1987) http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093412/
Bibiana Fernandez (formerly known as Bibí Andersen)(trans-actress) plays the role of Ada, a cis-woman, formerly married to a man who became a trans-woman after their divorce, played by Carmen Maura (cis-woman), as the story occurs after her transition.
It was challenging for both actresses to exchange their gender identities in their respective roles, not to talk about the physical efforts needed, but the result was fantastic, being Bibiana, by far, the most feminine of the two. I cannot imagine the inverted cast. It worked perfectly this way.
I recommend that film. And most of Almodóvar's filmography, by the way.
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