It has always kind of bugged me that the term "Xenomorph" has been adopted to refer to them as a species. In my opinion, Lt Gorman tosses that word out during the briefing as more of a general term, perhaps another substitute for "alien." The marines clearly didn't know what they were dealing with. It feels like Gorman said that word and movie audiences went "Oh, that's what they're called!" and it stuck.
Technically, the word means "a strange or foreign shape or structure" so I think it was quite an exotic use of the word by the writer of the movie in this case. And yes, it has really stuck as the name of the alien species. Took me a bit of effort to get past Alien-related search results in Google!
It doesn't bug me, I always thought it was a good name for the Alien, and the name fits especially considering how little they knew about it (strange shape). However, Weyland-Yutani obviously knew more than they told the Colonial Marines, and who knows what they told Gorman and maybe even some of the other soldiers behind the scenes.
I was more fascinated by Hudson's "another bug hunt" back and forth throwaway.
Hudson:
Is this going to be a standup fight, sir, or another bughunt?
Gorman:
All we know is that there is still is no contact with the colony, and that a xenomorph may be involved.
I don't think the Marines knew much at all about the Xenomorph. During Gorman's briefing Ripley starts to explain about her experiences on LV426. Vasquez interrupts her and says she just wants to know 'Where They Are' and pretends to point a weapon downward. Any previous alien encounters must have been much smaller beings.