There was as great a range in how people felt about things 140-odd years ago as there is today, but the center or midpoint was considerably different from now. Do some reading of history and biography not tainted by those anxious either to whitewash the past or to distort it through the prism of "political correctness," as it presently is conceived, to perhaps get a better feel for, and understanding of, this.
Someone with Ethan Edwards's background and experience, at least as we are able reasonably to discern it in the movie, would not have been out of place at all in thinking and acting as he is depicted as doing. Please do not forget that only a few years before this, many on one side of our Civil War believed, sometimes passionately, that blacks were designed by Providence to be subservient to whites and that African slavery was, therefore, a positive good because it kept all concerned in their proper spheres. Not only that, but many on the other side were not convinced--not then--that blacks were the equal of whites even if they found the enslavement of them to be repugnant.
Anyone who doubts the "slavery-is-good" position might want to read all sorts of things published contemporaneously in books and newspapers, such as, for example, The Lost Cause, by Edward A. Pollard, editor of The Richmond Examiner during the war and published in 1867, now available in reprint from Bonanza Books. Pollard offers as good--and, to contemporary eyes, as shocking--a defense of African slavery as an indisputable good as anyone ever has done.
Is it surprising, then, that after all of the difficulties white settlers had experienced with Comanches, Apaches, Sioux, and others (forget whose fault such things really may have been) that a not uncommon view--especially given their apparently primitive and crude lifestyles and alien concepts of the value and purpose of life--was that these people were inferior and less worthy than the whites? As an undergirding of Ethan's particular searing experiences with the Comanches, can we not understand, whether or not we agree, how he might have come to feel and act as he did?
A brief word about "intellectual justification." Much that is destructive cannot be "intellectually justified," I would think, but many back then--for good or for ill--would have understood Ethan's smoldering hatred of Comanches even if many or most of them were not entirely comfortable with it.
One other thing. There is nothing wrong with referring to those descended from indigenous ancestors as "Indians" or "American Indians." Most of them use those terms themselves, including me, a fraction, like Martin Pawley, Cherokee. Nevertheless, I--like all of those American Indians and anyone else born in the United States, whatever the ethnicity--am a native American.
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