"Japan is the largest foreign holder of public U.S. government debt, owning $1.1 trillion in debt as of October 2023.
China ranks second in total U.S. debt owned by foreign countries, with the U.K., Luxembourg, and the Cayman Islands rounding out the top five."
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets-economy/090616/5-countries-own-most-us-debt.asp
U.S. national debt is categorized as intragovernmental debt and public debt. Intragovernmental debt is debt held within the U.S. by federal agencies and entities. It makes up about a fifth of the total outstanding U.S. debt. This debt includes money owed to Social Security, military retirement funds, Medicare, and other retirement funds.
The remainder is public debt. Foreign governments hold a large portion of the public debt, while the rest is owned by U.S. banks and individual investors, the Federal Reserve, state and local governments, mutual funds, pensions funds, insurance companies, and holders of savings bonds.
As of Dec. 29, 2023, $26.9 trillion of the national debt is public debt.
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