The real reason why Donovan wanted to save Abel's life was to hold him as a bargaining chip in the inevitable event of a spy swap with the Soviets.
As shown in the movie.
So why the movie show him appealing from the sentence? That wasn't accurate and even neccessary!
Just to finish up - or attempt to - with this spectacularly ill-considered argument:
The movie never shows Donovan "appealing from the sentence." I'm not entirely sure what that is supposed to mean.
It shows him arguing to the trial court judge (in an informal meeting at the Judge's home, toward the end of the trial*) that he should not sentence Abel to death, because by keeping him alive, he might someday be used a bargaining chip in the event of a spy swap with the Soviets. I guess he may not have considered such a swap "inevitable," exactly, but that's not a major point. And - I guess - while Donovan's motives aren't 100% transparent, his deepest motivation probably wasn't simply to facilitate a spy swap, but to save his client's life. Which may well have been the case - indeed, probably was the case - in real life. In any event, the movie doesn't exactly shy away from the notion that Abel was allowed to live largely because of his potential value in a spy swap.
It also shows him appealing the outcome of the case, which he did in real life. The appeal was related to the admissibility of evidence gathered in the coruse of an arrest, without a search warrant. It wasn't in regard to the sentence. In any event Abel was sentenced to imprisonment, rather than death, by the trial court. If Donovan had appealed the sentence, it presumably would've been simply to shorten its length.
It's also accurate. I don't know if it was entirely necessary. I mean, it's an interesting story element, but the gist of the story wouldn't be affected by omitting it. Given that he
lost at the Supreme Court - as shown in the movie - I don't see how including it could possibly serve any "propaganda" purpose.
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*Which, incidentally, almost certainly didn't happen, at least not exactly that way, is it would have been a highly improper
ex parte communication. Donovan may well have made the argument to the judge - he probably did - but it would've been either in open court or in a conference with a prosecution lawyer present. But showing it the way they did has no particular propaganda benefit, and could conceivably go the other way.
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