After deliberately looking for the English subtitles when I watch Lust Caution again, I realized that almost every mention of Chongqing, aka Chungking, that I caught was simply subtitled as "the resistance".
Historically, Chongqing was the inland "reserve" capital of China under the KMT/ Nationalist government where they fell back to after their original captial, Nanjing/ Nanking, was taken by the Japanese. Someone with IMDB Pro accounts should try to add this to the FAQ or trivia for IMDB's Lust Caution entry.
I apologize to everyone I have offended in my earlier posts where I pointed out it was obvious that the resistance was working for the KMT/ Nationalist government! I had no idea that this fact was completely obliterated in the subtitles (as far as I've noticed)!
This movie is full of homages and references and hardly any (conventional)exposition, so it is a pity that the English subtitles sometimes make little or no effort to translate or hint at the historical/ cultural context-- though I can't be sure how bad this is since I only glanced at the English subtitles from time to time. :P
*SPOILERS*
In the Chinese dialog of the movie:
1) Kuang mentions that he has had help from Chongqing after HK;
2) Old Wu mentions that he works for Chongqing; and
3) Mr Yee mentions breaking the Chongqing cells and capturing Chongqing elements, etc..
So there is actually no doubt in the Chinese "version" of the movie that the resistance was working for the KMT/ Nationalist government and that it was part of Mr Yee's job to hunt them down.
I notice another mistranslation in the english subtitles. It was JiaZhi's sentence when she answered to Liang in the second sex scene of the movie ("the practice"). The dialogues were:
Liang: I think you're getting the hang of it. JiaZhi: Shut up!
Her part was actually something like: I don't want to discuss this with you.
I don't know why they translated it with just "shut up". Didn't they think that it would be weird for non-Mandarin (language) people how such quite long sentence only means "shut up"?
The difference is hardly significant. The "Shut up!" better communicates that it wasn't, at least for her, about the sex. And that there was no other relationship of significance between he and she.
It also well contrasts with later events in that regard.
(And also contrasts with and refutes the trolls who called her "whore" and "tramp".)
i just saw this movie yesterday, and i would appreciate if someone would explain the history behind the movie. initially i think the driver said to Ms Wong that foreigners get only hard bread to eat each day (pertaining to a long queue of ppl), who were the "foreigners" ? now i know that the resistance was KMT. then was Mr. Yee communist ? someone says he was part of collaborationist govt ? what does that mean ? if both KMT and Commies were fighting with japs, then who was collaborating ? usually i would feel that if a country is invaded, then there would be very few traitors who would help the invaders, but here Mr.Yee seems to be quite a prominent and powerful man.how is that ? also when Mr.Yee is in the geisha house, then he kind of hides his face, when some japanese general is passing by ! if he was working for them, then why hide his face ? and if he wanted to hide himself, why go to the japanese district ? later when shanghai was shown, and Yee asks Ms Wong to meet in the jap district - so i suppose by that time shanghai has fallen and taken over by japs. in the last scene when Yee signs the death of the resistance members, there was 1 jap flag, what was the other flag ? thanks
"and i would appreciate if someone would explain the history behind the movie. initially i think the driver said to Ms Wong that foreigners get only hard bread to eat each day (pertaining to a long queue of ppl), who were the "foreigners" ?"
Considering the "class" -- "status" -- if those around Yee, the "foreignors" could have been other Chinese. In addition to the decadence there is a contempt for "inferiors".
"now i know that the resistance was KMT. then was Mr. Yee communist ? someone says he was part of collaborationist govt ? what does that mean ? if both KMT and Commies were fighting with japs, then who was collaborating ?"
There was the Chinese Kuomintang -- KMT/Nationalist -- faction; and there was the Chinese Communist faction. When not fighting each other, they were fighting against the Japanese occupation and its puppet gov't.
I don't know that Yee had any particular political views; but he was collaborating with the Japanese. I.e., there were three visible political factions involved: Chinese KMT, Chinese Commies, and occupation Japanese.
"usually i would feel that if a country is invaded, then there would be very few traitors who would help the invaders, but here Mr.Yee seems to be quite a prominent and powerful man.how is that ?"
It's not rare. During the lengthy war preceeding the so-called "American Revolution," American colonists traded with the enemy. It seems there are always those willing to make money no matter when, where, or how.
I would assume that Yee had skills in that field when the Japanese took over, and they retained him -- either by persuasive offer, or offer he couldn't refuse. (Note at the end that he realizes that he too is being watched.)
"also when Mr.Yee is in the geisha house, then he kind of hides his face, when some japanese general is passing by ! if he was working for them, then why hide his face ?"
He probably wanted to prevent the general recognizing him, so he wouldn't "stop in" for a few words -- becaseu he didn't want Mak Tai Tai to know of the relationship.
"and if he wanted to hide himself, why go to the japanese district ?"
As he said, he went to the Japanese district to take care of some business.
That particular scene (Chap. 16 on the DVD) is wonderful and beautiful for the performances.
"later when shanghai was shown, and Yee asks Ms Wong to meet in the jap district - so i suppose by that time shanghai has fallen and taken over by japs."
I believe Shanghai had already fallen at the beginning of the film. The change of locale is from Hong Kong to Shanghai (as I recall), probably because Japanese forces had made ground gains, and perhaps because Britain/the allies were contesting for Hong Kong.
"in the last scene when Yee signs the death of the resistance members, there was 1 jap flag, what was the other flag ?"
It's a film deserving more than one viewing -- in part because during the beginning -- particularly during the mah jong game -- there are four and five in conversation, thus many subtitles to follow.
And to enjoy the performances. Tony Leung is phenomenal, as is Tang Wei: she is wonderful. And Chap. 16 -- in the geisha house, where she sings to him -- is amazing for their performances.
It is because of this film (and Eat Drink Man Woman, and Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon) that makes Ang Lee my favorite director. Mr. Yee is not a nice guy; but Lee makes his characters three-dimensional, so Yee is nonetheless likeable.
i just saw this movie yesterday, and i would appreciate if someone would explain the history behind the movie.
Without watching the movie again, let me try to get answer you by memory (forgive me if I get it/you wrong)
initially i think the driver said to Ms Wong that foreigners get only hard bread to eat each day (pertaining to a long queue of ppl), who were the "foreigners" ?
They were the Jewish and other westerner who fled/settled in Shanghai prior to the start of WW2 proper-- due the immense influence of the Nazi, Europe and America daren't accept Jews fleeing persecution in Germany, and China became one of the last refuges for them prior to and during the actual breakout of WW2.
The attitude of the Japanese occupiers to Jewish/Western settlers/refugees is another one for the books-- Japan treated civilized/"ethnically-equal" Jewish/Western settlers/refugees with a modicum of "human rights", as it was trying to become a western-styled Imperialist Colonialist Power who is merely "uplifting" the uncivilized/"ethnically-inferior" Asian natives.
now i know that the resistance was KMT. then was Mr. Yee communist ? someone says he was part of collaborationist govt ? what does that mean ? if both KMT and Commies were fighting with japs, then who was collaborating ?
The Chinese collaboratonist government was formed by a faction which "split-off" from the Nationalist (KMT) Party government-- primarily those who followed (& continued to follow) in the initial "appeasement" approach taken by the Nationalist-KMT party/goverment, which "permitted" the Japanese occupied most of North-east China ("re-invented" as Manchuria/Manchukuo) to the point of "cracking down" on students demonstrating against their policies.
This is why Yee specializes in smoking out and taking down Nationalist (KMT) Party operatives-- because he already knows the Nationalist (KMT) Party members and the way they work (I think Yee mentions "seeing" an old friend when he meets up with Chia Chi after a torture session). That is also why Nationalist (KMT) Party operatives have a personal "thing" against the Chinese collaborationist government-- they are traitors to the Nationalist (KMT) Party government (after the Japanese took Shanghai and war was finally declared) as well as China.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were the real "diehard" nationalists who would never accept Japanese rule/occupation in any shape or form-- a lot of their early support/popularity came from the fact they objected to the initial "appeasement" approach taken by the Nationalist-KMT party/goverment.
usually i would feel that if a country is invaded, then there would be very few traitors who would help the invaders, but here Mr.Yee seems to be quite a prominent and powerful man.how is that ?
Mr Yee is only as prominent and powerful as the Japanese occupiers "allow" him to be-- which is his reward for being a "traitor".
It is an important part of the Western Imperialist Colonialist model to prop up local/ethnic administrations/governments as an act of "uplifting" the uncivilized/"ethnically-inferior" Asian natives.
It is also quite possible that, at least initially, some members of the Chinese collaborationist government accepted that they were "uplifting" their own people with the help of the Japanese liberators-- perhaps with the hope of gaining independence in time (see the eventual breakup of the Western Coloniaist Empires after WW2).
also when Mr.Yee is in the geisha house, then he kind of hides his face, when some japanese general is passing by ! if he was working for them, then why hide his face ? and if he wanted to hide himself, why go to the japanese district ?
That is really up for interpretation-- and sets up a good sense of irony...
Yee decides to relax in the Japanese district of Shanghai because that is where he feels safe-- from the Nationlist (KMT) Party operatives trying to kill him and his family/servants "spying" on him. It is also supposedly an "exclusive" place where only Japanese and officials of the Collaborationist Government gets to go (see the military checkpoints and all)-- which would make Chia Chi feel "special"
But I think even there he feels threatened as well as embarassed by the Japanese-- threatened because he doesn't want the Japanese to see or know too much about his personal life/relationship with Chia Chi; and embarassed because he doesn't want Chia Chi to see how he usually has to kowtow/entertain the Japanese.
later when shanghai was shown, and Yee asks Ms Wong to meet in the jap district - so i suppose by that time shanghai has fallen and taken over by japs.
The movie takes place in 2 places, Hong Kong initially and then Shanghai.
Hong Kong was shown AFTER the Japanese had taken Shanghai and are moving to take Hong Kong-- Chia Chi had fled to Hong Kong (seeing initial fleeing scene) to escape the Japanese.
Shanghai was shown AFTER the Japanese had taken Hong Kong as well-- Chia Chi had moved to live with her aunt in Shanghai, since both places are now Japanese-occupied territory.
in the last scene when Yee signs the death of the resistance members, there was 1 jap flag, what was the other flag ?
The Nationalist (KMT) Party Flag-- as I mentioned earlier, the Chinese collaboratonist government was formed by a faction which "split-off" from the Nationalist (KMT) Party government.
As far as the Japanese were the concerned, the "legitimate" Nationalist (KMT) Party government (i.e. the Collaborationist Faction) had surrendered and accepted Japanese rule.
The initial "appeasement" approach and the "split-off" of the Collaborationist Faction might be considered as two of the many strategic failures of the Nationalist (KMT) Party-- or to be precise/fairer, of then party leader Chiang Kai-Shek.
thanks
You're very welcome. 8^)
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hi dont b so BBC thanks a lot for the detailed explanation, and answering the rest of the things, but the ppl whom the driver called as "refugees" seemed to be chinese/asian but maybe i didnt look closely
so Chiang Kai Shek was with the japs ??? !!!! i didnt know that, no wonder he was finally pushed off china mainland.
but the ppl whom the driver called as "refugees" seemed to be chinese/asian but maybe i didnt look closely
Erm, didn't you ask about "foreigners" in your first post? There are lots of non-Shanghai Chinese refugees in Shanghai, but they would not be referred to as "foreigners" (just "outsiders", maybe)-- unless there is a mistake in the subtitle translation.
Without watching the movie again or with you, I cannot be sure what you are talking about. But if you are talking about the people in full coats lining up the streets-- they are foreigners/caucasians, the Chinese refugees are too poor to have coats like that.
so Chiang Kai Shek was with the japs ??? !!!! i didnt know that, no wonder he was finally pushed off china mainland.
No, he simply viewed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as a bigger threat (to China or to him?) than the Japanese-- and so took the policy of REFUSING to deal with the Japanese incursions/invasions UNTIL he had taken down the CCP.
One faction of his Nationalist Party (KMT) members had to literally kidnap him and threaten mutiny before he would agree to work with the CCP and fight the Japanese. So it's not really surprising that he couldn't keep the KMT, let alone China, together-- and another faction of the KMT surrendered to the Japanese as the Chinese Collaborationist Government.
Let's just say contrary to revisionist myths, neither Chiang Kai-Shek nor Mao Tse-dong were your typically Hollywood "good vs bad" guys-- they probably loved power at least as much as they loved China. In fact, it's a sad fact of politics everywhere that getting to and holding on to your power/position may interfere with you actually running the country.
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About 5 minutes in, as Yee walks out of the building where he was downstairs, there is a Taiwanese flag in the background (Red w/ blue box & white sun) and a blue flag that is blocked behind a pillar which I assume in the KMT flag (blue w/ white sun)
There are probably reasons for why they did not mention the KMT by name. I'm sure mainland China prefers "the resistance" over promoting the KMT as fighters against the Japanese.
Unless it's a documentary directed for 4th grade history in China, mentioning the KMT by name in order to identify who the good guys/resistance people are seems redundant...
When Yee's driver gave an envelope to the girl, containing a key to Apartment 2B, the envelope had a picture of Sun Yat-sen. Yee's office also had a picture of Sun Yat-sen hanging on the wall. Wasn't Sun an icon of the Kuomintang, and wouldn't he have been rejected by a pro-Japanese administration like the one Yee worked for?
When Yee's driver gave an envelope to the girl, containing a key to Apartment 2B, the envelope had a picture of Sun Yat-sen. Yee's office also had a picture of Sun Yat-sen hanging on the wall. Wasn't Sun an icon of the Kuomintang, and wouldn't he have been rejected by a pro-Japanese administration like the one Yee worked for?
To repeat & summarize:
The Chinese collaboratonist government was formed by a faction which "split-off" from the Nationalist/KMT Party government-- so as far as the Japanese were the concerned, the "legitimate" Nationalist/KMT Party government (Sun Yat-sen, China, et all) had surrendered and accepted Japanese rule.
In fact, the subtitles are taking an "misleading" short-cut by translating Nationalist/KMT Party backing the Kuang and Wong as the "resistance"-- because BOTH the Nationalist/KMT Party government (which has retreated to Chungking/Chongqing) AND the Chinese collaborationist government at Nanking/Nanjing (which surrendered to the Japanese) considered themselves to be the ONLY/TRUE Nationalist/KMT Party (& Chinese) "Government".
IOW, the Nanking/Nanjing (Chinese collaborationist) Goverment would call/claim the Chungking/Chongqing (Nationalist/KMT Party) government to be the "resistance", while the Chungking/Chongqing (Nationalist/KMT Party) Goverment would call/claim the Nanking/Nanjing (Chinese collaborationist) government to be the "false/puppet government".
And since they both referred to themselves as THE Chinese (Nationalist/KMT Party) "Government", the most convenient and (historical) way of naming them is "Nanking/Nanjing Government/Authority" VS "Chungking/Chongqing Government/Authority". In fact, whenever you see the terms "Nanking/Nanjing" or "Chungking/Chongqing" in the subtitles, they are actually referring the respective "Authorities" and not just the place.
But this would be meaningless to audiences who are unaware of the history, hence the use of the "short-cut" in subtitle translation ("government" VS "resistance")...
...which is too bad, cos some people have the impression that the Japanese did indeed conquer China or that China indeed surrendered (which was the actual purpose/propaganda in creating the Nanking/Nanjing Government)-- when the Japanese never managed to take Chungking/Chongqing, even when they resorted to bombing/attacking it the "long way" via South-east Asia.
"I don't go to movies to escape reality: I go to experience life in a raw, intense way"-- S. Copley
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Thanks a lot for your clear and interesting explanations!
I saw the film yesterday (on tv and missed the first scenes too) and it awakened an interest in the background history and events. I know very very little of Chinese history and would have fallen for all of the translation shortcuts referred to upthread, however, I had Swedish subtitles and they appear to be a bit better in tone though still just subtitles.
Allow me to be the perfect guinea pig for those history buffs who think one would be confused as to where specific loyalties lied. I know pretty much nothing about Chinese history, period, and as a simpleton in that sense I observed that the resistance were not communists (there wasn't a lot of the typical commie banter - luckily, I majored in English, so I'm familiar communist literature) and that Yee was a collaborator with the Japanese. Although the history is intricate and complicated, it boiled down to me that it was resistance v. Japan. I didn't even think about communism as a possibility. But I also knew that China was not a communist country until after the war, thanks to 9th grade history.
I hope that settles it; I wasn't confused at all. And for the record, I hate when foreign films are dubbed.
Thank you for explaining this to us non-Chinese! I assumed the resistance group belonged to the Communist Party -- the play seemed to use the same postures etc that we see in the films and plays about the heroic resistance against the Japanese.