I did a quick translation of some extractions from the official homepage of Statens Biografbyrå, the Swedish equalient of the MPAA:
Summary:
With a starting point in psycological and pedagogical research and media studies, along with knowledge and experience byrån (the bureau) judge whether a film could cause "psychological harm" to its audience. The most common criteria on which we base our judgements are violence, threats, horror, anxiety and suffering.
There is a number of facts and behaviours that many find offensice or inappropriate, but that in this context however haven't been found to cause psychological harm to children. Some examples of this could be portrayals containing foul language, drug abuse, nudity and sex.
Our judgments are based on the idea of an "average audience". Different viewers kan apprehend the same film in different ways, not just because of their physical age. Mental and emotional maturity, conditions during childhood and familiarity/experience with media are some factors that affect the way a person view a film. A sensetive and exposed childs reaction can differ vastly from a secure child.
The ratings
Barntillåten, Btl (Equalient of the G-rating)
A young child should be able to watch a film with a Btl-rating in cinemas without a guardian. Because of that the movie musn't contain any frightening episodes, threats or violence. A frightening soundtrack with eerie music and strong, scary sound effects or a really fast paced editing can be enough for a film not to get a Btl-rating. Of course should even the youngest be allowed to watch movies that are exiting, why milder scenes of chases, "action" or comic fights are allowed.
At the same time it is important to remember that a film with a Btl-rating not always is interesting for a child to watch. It could for instance be a quiet film aimed at adults with plenty of advanced dialouge.
7 (younger children can view the movie with an adult)
A seven year old should be able to watch a film with a 7-rating in cinemas without a guardian. Children over seven have started to develop a better ability to create a distans to a film, why they aren't frightened as easily by scary music and fast paced editing. Films that get a 7-rating can for instance contain scenes with lighter threats, often aimed towards children or animals. Typical examples of scenes that could result in a 7-rating are the common sequences in many animated films with close-ups on a threatening animals sharp teeth, or lighter scenes with fights or shooting, without bloodshed as a result though.
11 (+7 children can view the movie with an adult)
An eleven year old should be able to watch a film with an 11-rating in cinemas without a guardian. Children aged 11-14 are from a general point of view capable of telling the difference between a film and reality. Therefor films with an 11-rating can contain quite many very exiting and threatening scenes. When it comes to violence scenes with focus on suffering and exstensive bloodshed aren't tolerated. The 11-rating is a very broad rating and can be given to both anxiety-ridden childrens movies as well as action movies aiming for an adult audience. A crucial part of the judgement is the degree of realism and possibility of identification: a film with distinct fairy tale quality and few points of contact with the audiences every day life can get a lower rating than the opposite
(+)15 (Musn't be viewed by anyone younger than 15, like the NC-17)
A film will get a 15-rating if it contains explicit portrayals of violence with exstensive bloodshed and/or focus on suffering. It can thus concern both over-the-top gore effects and more realistic psychological scenes. Scenes with a heavy empahsis on threat and horror and stark portrayals of anxiety or confusion are also a part of this cathegory as well as rape or portrayals of heavily anxiety-ridden sexuality. Pornographic films, meaning portrayals of clouse up genital activity also get the 15-rating.
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