Because they are women of their class, being dependent on the reluctant half-brother and his awful wife would be the fate of all four of the Dashwood females if at least one of the daughters does not make an advantageous marriage. Women of the higher classes could not work and remain in those classes; working for a living was frowned on.
This was not only true of women of the gentry, but the men as well. They were "landed" gentry for a reason--their occupation was owning land and living off other people working it. It was considered low-class to get into "business" too openly and both genders were expected to inherit or marry into their fortunes. The men might go into the military or politics, but those was hardly considered professions in the Regency sense.
Upper class women did have some work options, such as becoming a governess or even writing, but their lives, it's true, were more constrained than those of men and most of the time, they were dependent on the income of the men in their lives, especially since those men usually controlled whatever wealth the family had (though the women were expected to run the household).
You could say that women had to be careful how they married because they were literally marrying into their profession. If you married a king, you became a queen. If you married a ship's captain, you were wedded to a life at sea. If you married a merchant, you got into commerce. Non-noble women did work, but those who married worked for their families and, more specifically, the husband as head-of-household. This is most explicitly shown in "Persuasion," where Anne marries a ship's captain and ends up in a life of travel, adventure and risk pretty much overnight, but it's also true of "Sense and Sensibility," where Elinor becomes part of the Anglican Church by marrying a man who wants to go into the clergy (something that scandalizes his family because Edward's family feels he's too high-born for it. It's a bit like your family wanting a young man to go to Yale when all he wants to do is fix cars).
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