The age difference isn't much of a problem. Indeed Grant and Bogart and Gary Cooper and Clark Gable and Wayne were all believably romancing younger women on screen in those days, just like Harrison Ford and Sean Connery and Michael Douglas do it today (though less so with those guys now.) Interestingly, Cary Grant retired, among other reasons, because he didn't want to romance younger women on the screen. When his friend Howard Hawks protested that Grant married and dated MUCH younger women, Grant replied, "that's in real life. I don't want to parade it on screen."
For his part, John Wayne did elect to play same "older age peer" romances in his later years, and critics praised him for it. Notably opposite a mature Patricia Neal in "In Harm's Way" (1965), and then with a decidedly old-looking wife in "The Cowboys" and later opposite Katharine Hepburn and Lauren Bacall in "Rooster Cogburn" and "The Shootist."
As for the racial/ethnic matters, there's perhaps no greater marker of how American movies changed than watching the great movies of the 30's, 40's, 50's, and even early 60's, and noticing how differently the races are treated.
But things changed.
Most often, ethic minorities simply WEREN'T THERE in these movies. They weren't cast, roles weren't written for them. These were white movies made for a white world.
Sidney Poitier anchored many pictures from the fifties on, to be sure...things started to change. It would take a bit longer for all ethnic groups to get equal representation on the screen. And of course even today, there are movies made with predominantly white casts (and predominantly black, hispanic, and Asian casts...)
In "Rio Bravo's" favor, I would suggest, is that the Mexican character played by the then-popular Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez, is as good a friend and helpmate to John Wayne as anybody else on "the team," and participates in the final shootout. A faked assualt on the Mexican wife brings Wayne down to rescue her, though its a trap for him. The film also speaks to the Mexican culture and language near the Texas town in which it is set. The film is respectful in its own laid-back way.
It is also a very entertaining, very good movie.
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