I too cringe at the "Abraham" number in "Holiday Inn", but it's difficult to make judgements in the 2010s about the culture of the early-mid-1900s. It might help to read Wikipedia's entry on Al Jolson...skip down to the section entitled "Relations with African-Americans". And this from another source: "At a time when blacks were not seen on Broadway, Jolson promoted a play by Garland Anderson, which became the first Broadway production with an all-black cast. He insisted on equal treatment for Cab Calloway, with whom he performed in The Singing Kid. Jolson and his wife Ruby Keeler were the rare entertainers who invited black singers and dancers their home, and when he died, black actors turned out in force for Jolson’s funeral. According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, “Almost single-handedly, Jolson helped to introduce African-American innovations like jazz, ragtime, and the blues to white audiences…[and] paved the way for African-American performers like Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, and Ethel Waters.” Clearly, Jolson felt a kinship with African-Americans." So let's not be so sure we -- more than half a century removed -- understand all there is to know about Al Jolson and Black face.
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