Yes and no.
The stuff he did was dumb and had consequences. He was warned repeatedly by people he should have trusted and cared for, yet he did it anyway.
But...
1. Wendy turned him in. Maybe that was the shrewd move, but it still lays a chunk of culpability at her feet.
2. Ruth busted him out. Ruth shouldn't have done that. He was just a boy...
3. At a really "technically..." level, Helen and Nelson were the ones who hit him.
But the biggest reason it wasn't his fault? Dude wasn't of sound mind. Marty and Wendy were largely right: an institution was the right place for him. He clearly needed help. As awful as he found it to be there, an institution would have straightened him out, got him on meds, got him some therapy, and made him whole again.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but he was on meds at the start of season three, right? At least when he starts staying with Marty and Wendy? I'm pretty sure this is correct because of his impotence with Ruth. It's not like this gums up his personality. He's still "Ben" on drugs, he just doesn't have mood swings or (quite as) impaired judgement.
The scene where he's eating breakfast with Wyatt is, for me, tragic and so indicative of Ben's mental state. This kid (who doesn't make brilliant decisions himself) is telling him what to do and he's getting up and sitting down at the slightest suggestion from Wyatt. It's brutal.
So, ultimately, no one person is responsible. Ben is one of many people who set up the dominoes that get him to his final destination. But at the end of the day, his mental health had, I think, a plurality of percentage points.
I'd almost second Wendy because...turning in your own brother? Come on.
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