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For Cinephiles: David Bordwell's Blog Entries On LA LA LAND


Renowned film scholar David Bordwell's latest blog entry is his usual rigorous analysis. By looking at its structure he places it in film and Broadway tradition and notes its deviation from/innovations on that tradition. He uses as his reference a fascinating book on Broadway productions called The Secret Life of the American Musical: How Broadway Shows Are Built, by Jack Viertel.

As usual, he includes wonderful shots. (He typically chooses images from the films themselves rather than promotional stills, which is much more illuminating.)

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2017/01/23/how-la-la-land-is-made/

"The formal method is fundamentally simple. It’s the return to craft (masterstvo)."

- Viktor Shkovsky, 1923

Not how it was made. We’ll get “The Making of La La Land” as a DVD bonus, and there are already behind-the-scenes promos.

No, this is about how it is made.

On this site, we mostly practice a criticism of enthusiasm. We write about what we like, or at least about films that intrigue us from the standpoint of history or aesthetics. Sometimes, what interests us intersects with a current controversy. Take La La Land.

Some of my cinephile friends disapprove of it. It swipes too much, they say, from classic studio musicals and the work of Demy, and it doesn’t live up to either model. But tastes change. I remember when the classic musicals that we venerate were considered fluff, and I recall how Demy’s films, especially Les Demoiselles de Rochefort, were held at arm’s length by many of my 60s pals. 'He tries too hard,' a friend remarked. Some say that about Chazelle, and perhaps in a few decades La La Land will be remembered fondly.

In any case, I’m not aiming to denounce this ambitious, agreeable film. I’m more interested in asking how La La Land accords with the craft of studio musicals and Demy’s efforts. I’m also interested in tracing its affinity with a third tradition of song-and-dance: the Broadway show.

Along all three dimensions, I hope to take Shklovsky’s advice and ask about craft. La La Land is both derivative and original. Actually, most movies are, though in various proportions...

[snip]

"The slimness of the plot can be taken as a point against the film, but focusing a musical so tightly on the couple was probably worth trying. If anybody cares, I enjoyed the film, and — to invoke the distinction between taste and judgment — I think it’s a solid, sometimes stirring effort. But what matters to me now is the way that thinking about craft traditions, particularly as they affect structure, allows us to plot some ways in which La La Land is both traditional and original. Evaluation is important, but it can be guided by analysis. An essential part of criticism involves studying how things are made."


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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Thanks for the link. I've loved Bordwell's work for years, and he deserves massive credit as one of the very few serious critics/academics in America who has delved into action cinema (specifically Hong Kong) and who has consistently focused as much of his energy on what is happening on the screen as he does on subtext or theory. Much as I like him I don't have the time or energy to spend reading a lot of his long articles as often as I'd like, and I haven't looked at his site in a few months, so this is a nice reminder. Given his work on action-within-frame I can imagine he's a good guy to discuss how musicals (particularly dance sequences) really work. And, unlike virtually every one of the amateurs (myself included) who love (or hate) this film, he knows something of the history of musicals beyond the few obvious references (Gene Kelly, Jacques Demy) that are getting the press - including their critical receptions at the time.

Be true, Unbeliever.

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You're welcome, OldAle1. Nice to find another Bordwell admirer. Re: action cinema, yes, one of the things I most appreciate about Bordwell is that he is not a snob. He appreciates what there is to appreciate, period.

Edited to add: Speaking of his work on action-within-frame and action films, did you read his entry on Mad Max? It's about composition and cutting in the widescreen format.

"Off-Center: MAD MAX’s Headroom"

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2016/02/10/off-center-mad-maxs-headroom/

"Keeping the viewer’s attention fastened on one area of the screen across the cut could be of great value in fast-cut action scenes. That way the viewer couldn’t miss the most important thing — a face, a gesture, a prop. This was the aim of George Miller in certain scenes of Mad Max: Fury Road. According to cinematographer John Seale, the centered compositions make it easier for the viewer to follow the action...

Vashi notes that Michael Bay and other directors seem to rely on fast cutting without due concern for where the viewer’s eye lands at the end of each shot. Combined with very short shots, compositional confusion can flummox us. We don’t know where we should be looking.

Miller uses a greater variety of compositions in other stretches of the film, as my illustrations above indicate. At times he applies his 'matching zone system' to more off-center layouts..."

"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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No I haven't read that. Looks like I need to find a whole day to catch up with Bordwell...

Yeah, it's nice to see somebody who, while having "advanced" tastes (I have his book on Dreyer) is also able to appreciate what is traditionally considered lowbrow fare. This is my only major gripe about Jonathan Rosenbaum, my favorite living critic - he's almost totally contemptuous of action films and a lot of other contemporary genre stuff. Of course most of it is crap, but then most westerns and musicals in the 50s weren't The Searchers or An American in Paris either. Bordwell doesn't have that kind of snobbishness or blinkered approach to contemporary film, and I can think of few other name critics who can passionately appreciate and defend both Edward Yang and John Woo without seeing this as contradictory.


Be true, Unbeliever.

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A title of one of Bordwell's blog entries on Hong Kong films sums up the prejudice:

"Genre ≠ Generic"

There's a similar prejudice with horror films. Sure, like action films, many are dreck, but there is something else at work in much of the commentary -- the idea that fear, horror, suspense, are somehow degrading, worthless experiences. There's a prissiness to it.

"For Japanese cinema in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the triumphs of world cinema. That era produced not only the two directors who are arguably the very greatest but also a host of talents you can’t really call “lesser.” The bench had depth in every position.

There are good reasons for this burst of genius. Quantity affects quality, but not the way snobs think: The more movies a country makes, the more good ones you’re likely to get."


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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Bumparooni...


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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He's brilliant, but why does he have to use all those academic plot terms you would find in a screenplay class ?

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They're not academic terms, just as a screenplay class isn't a place of academic but of practical study.

The reason he uses the terms is because he wants to analyze narrative and its real effects, "to x-ray an art work, to reveal some fundamental principles of construction, while also doing justice to its revisions of inherited traditions." You can't talk about the movement of planets without using astronomical terms.

What are the effects of those revisions? As he says, filmmakers' "underlying habits and conventions... help shape how viewers respond to films." You have to make use of those terms if you want to talk about the subject.


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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Bumparama.


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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More analysis on LLL, from three guest bloggers:

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2017/02/11/la-la-land-singin-in-the-sun/

"Kelley Conway is an authority on the French musical from the 1930s to the present and author of an excellent book on Agnès Varda (reviewed here). She also gave us an earlier entry on films at the Vancouver Film Festival. Today, in an oblique rebuttal to some complaints about the principals’ singing and dancing in La La Land, she situates Damien Chazelle’s film within a trend toward “unprofessional” musical performance.

Eric Dienstfrey studies developments in acoustic technology and how those have affected the way movies sound. In his contribution, he traces how film’s recording methods shape the auditory texture of the numbers, with special attention to the soft boundary between diegetic (story-world) sound and non-diegetic sound.

Amanda McQueen is a specialist in Hollywood and TV musicals of the last fifty years. Here she considers how La La Land is designed to overcome audiences’ current resistance to 'integrated' musicals. She proposes that it offers one way to revive the genre for modern Hollywood."
"Integration commonly refers to those moments when characters spontaneously burst into song to express feelings or advance the plot, usually accompanied by sourceless music, as Eric points out above. Not all musicals have integrated numbers, but many critics and scholars assume that integrated musicals constitute the genre’s core. Audiences, however, were assumed to find this particular break with cinematic realism both antiquated and alienating. Moviegoers would suspend disbelief to accept lightsabers, superheroes, and wizards, but someone walking down the street and singing—no way!

"For Chazelle, 'Another Day of Sun' functions 'as a warning sign to people in the audience. If people are not going to be comfortable with it, they’ll leave right away.' La La Land thus almost dares audiences to accept and celebrate this unrealistic cinematic convention, and for a 21st century musical, that’s a somewhat rare approach to take.

Yet La La Land has its own methods of rendering the integrated musical acceptable for contemporary audiences..."

"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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Just collecting the links into one post for convenience.

There are three recent entries to enjoy. All very accessible, with lots of pictures from the film itself as examples.

The first is an overview in which Bordwell looks at how LLL uses "the norms of movie plot construction and the classic Broadway 'song plot'." Seeing how it works according to and deviates from Broadway conventions is fascinating.

The second entry is the input of 3 guest specialists -- "an authority on the French musical from the 1930s to the present"; a researcher on "developments in acoustic technology and how those have affected the way movies sound"; and "a specialist in Hollywood and TV musicals of the last fifty years."

The third entry isn't focused only on LLL, but it's included among a bunch of movies in a discussion about how 1940s innovations in Hollywood storytelling are being used by current films, out of Hollywood and elsewhere. (It has spoilers because it compares multiple films.)

1) How LA LA LAND is made

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2017/01/23/how-la-la-land-is-made/

2) LA LA LAND: Singin’ in the sun

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2017/02/11/la-la-land-singin-in-the-sun/

3) Fantasy, flashbacks, and what-ifs: 2016 pays off the past

http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2017/01/02/fantasy-flashbacks-and-what-ifs-2016-pays-off-the-past/


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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Thanks 

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Most welcome, Rigel1337. BTW, I see I forgot to include the link to the 3rd entry, so I've edited the post to plug it in.

Cheerio.


"You must not judge what I know by what I find words for." - Marilynne Robinson

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This was a wonderful read. Thanks for it!

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