It is a very complex film and opens itself to more than one interpretation, as I see it.
1. I don't think so. When Omar told that man (presumably Muhsen Ali-Taha's guy) not to touch Amjad and to leave it to Omar to deal with him, he might have been making sure that, after he was gone, Nadia and her family would be left in peace. The smile on her face when she read his final letter confirms this, and suggests that it was a goodbye, something in the way of closure that he was giving her. And of course the gift of a peaceful life to follow. This would mean he went into the ambush knowing full well he was going to kill Rami the Israeli agent.
This is the version I think happened.
Another possibility is that he planned to kill Amjad with the help of Rami and merely told Muhsen Ali-Taha's guys that he would take care of him and to consider the matter closed. Then, when it finally came down to it, he couldn't go through with it, couldn't leave Nadia widowed, and decided to kill Rami instead. It was a pretty suicidal move and if it were pre-planned I think he might have enlisted Muhsen Ali-Taha's help to get rid of an Israeli agent. Then again, maybe he did and all the ensuing action just happened off-screen. I loved the line about Africans hunting monkeys, by the way. It was very fitting in that moment.
Either way, I don't think Omar killed Amjad, because that would make what followed a little pointless. It wouldn't explain the letter and it wouldn't explain making that rash play for Rami's life.
2. I think he feared Tarik at some level, feared what he would do if it was learned he was a collaborator. Also, of course, it was made pretty clear that Tarik favoured Omar as a prospective brother-in-law and was aware of both their amorous intentions. More importantly there's the question of Amjad's motive. I don't think he used the situation to get things his way as much as improvised where he could. We are not told what the Israelis had on him but whatever it was, it was not ideological because after all he was the one who shot the soldier. I have read often on these threads that the movie was ill-executed and had a weak plot because Amjad had luck riding with him all through and could have planned things better. Yet I would argue that this is much more realistic. He was certainly not in control of the situation. At one point there was no knowing whether he was going to die, and he played along where he could. I think he was driven by a genuine love for Nadia and a jealousy directed towards Omar but his actions were not carefully crafted like an Iago's - he took risks because he was a beaten man, with not much to lose and his life was constantly on the line, from all sides. That doesn't make him less despicable but I think it is an adequate defence of why his actions seemed to be less than thoughtfully planned out. So, yes, while that would have been the easy way out of things he was not devoid of emotion, his actions were driven by more than just his love for Nadia - possibly a regard for his friends as well, in unequal measure.
3. Omar believed it because he thought both Nadia and Amjad were collaborators, as Rami led him to believe. The mention of their honeymoon was what convinced him that she had talked whereas in reality it was just gleaned from the messages they intercepted - the ones that she entrusted to Amjad to deliver to Omar. He believed that she was leading him on in some form of entrapment, because Rami had something on her (the faked pregnancy). So it seemed to fit in with the story he was being fed that she was using him. Of course he should have confronted her with it, and I suppose that's the tragedy of this film - how a little communication, his reading of her letter, could have saved them both a lot of misery. Then again, it's hard to address an accusation that isn't made, particularly one that it is almost shameful to utter in some societies.
4. I'd like to know that too. Whatever it was, it seemed to have worked, given her the closure that she'd have liked. I'm guessing he had a good cover for why he would not be writing to her again.
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