The Explanation
Here is posited an explanation concerning the most discussed topic of the movie, what was 'the question' for which 'No' is the answer.
There are many theories that borrow knowledge or assumptions from outside the movie. Any valid explanation must be contained and consistent with the text of the mo movie. Before starting, let's review the relevant dialogue.
The Invigilator's speech
INVIGILATOR
I am the Invigilator. Listen
carefully to every word I say. There will be no repetition.
I won’t apologize for the hardships you’ve endured to reach this room because the pressures and pains were necessary.
Resilience is a key attribute in
these troubled times and if you can’t survive our selection process you won’t survive in the job. Many highly-qualified candidates tried to get this far and failed. You have succeeded -- and now the final stage lies before you. One last hurdle separates you from your goal: which is to join our esteemed ranks.
The test is simple by comparison, yet it will determine who leaves this room with a contract of employment and who leaves... with the bus fare home.
(reaction shot)
Through your trials you have
gained some idea of the power of this organization, so believe me when I tell you that there is no law in this place but our law. And the only rules in here are our rules.
There is one question before you,
and one answer is required. If you attempt to communicate with myself or the guard, you will be disqualified. If you spoil your paper, intentionally or accidentally, you will be disqualified. If you choose to leave the room for any reason, you will be disqualified.
Any questions?
The candidates remain silent.
Best of luck then, ladies and
gentlemen.
[The Invigilator turns to the digital clock behind him. Two buttons are set into its topside: one red, one white.]
We’re giving the eight of you
eighty minutes.
He presses the red one. The digits 00:00 change to 80:00.
Eighty minutes to convince us you
have what it takes to join us.
[His index finger hovers over the white button...]
Eighty minutes to determine the
next eighty years of your lives.
[presses the button]
Begin.
[The Invigilator turns and strolls out of the room.]
the final scene where the answer is given
CEO/Deaf looks up from the sheet to scrutinize Blonde.
Blonde: (confidently) No.
Quiet satisfaction warms across both the CEO/Deaf's and the Invigilator's faces.
Blonde: (cont'd) That’s the answer you wanted... to the first question asked of us.
Invigilator: To the only question asked of you.
She nods, acknowledging this.
Blonde: I almost missed it too.
INVIGILATOR: Almost. As it is, we’re glad to be hiring someone today.
From the CEO's approval of the Blonde's answer, we are given 'No' as the correct answer. What, however, was the question asked and how does a reply of 'no' answer said question.
Within the whole of the movie, there are only two interrogatives uttered by either the CEO or the Invigilator. (1) the one given in the Invigilator's monologue and (2) the in French babble by CEO/Deaf, "Do you see?"
Not much to work with but let us see what we can conclude.
The problems with "Are there any questions?" from the Invigilator's speech the question.
Seem the most transparently obvious but it were so, there would not much debate and easily answerable. The problem with accepting this possibility lies within the sequence of the text and common experience.
Review, the Invigilator states, "There is one question before you, and one answer is required" well before the line, "Are there any questions?"
If there is any question before them, then there ought to be a question before them. As revealed later in the film, nothing but the microscopic text "Question 1" is imprinted on the seemingly blank piece of white paper before the candidates.
Consensus concludes "Question 1" does not constitute as an interrogative and I would tend to agree. Thus making nothing -- no question before them.
Then there is common experience. For anyone who taken any standardized exam, the proctor prefaces with exam directions, instructions, or conditions. At the conclusion which they ask, "Are there any questions?" Implying "Before actual start of the exam, is everyone clear and understand the exam directions? Has anyone any questions before taking the exam?"
If we are to accept the Invigilator's "Are there any questions?" as the question, then that violates previous experience regarding proctoring protocol. The exam question was given with the litany of exam instructions. I do not know about you but my experience has been a clear separation between exam directions and exam questions.
Then the a real crux of audience uncertainity is how are the candidates suppose to decipher the difference between asked for clarification and being asked the exam question itself? There is nothing in the movie to give explicit, nor implicit, evidence and logical thread that explains how "Are there any questions?" is the exam question itself, other than the backhanded final scene, which behind the scenes knowledges informs us was hastely redone in responses to an unfavourable audience preview screening.
If all that MacGyvering with the broken light bulbs and eyeglasses used in revealing the microscopic text "Question 1" is supposed to define or give answer, then what is the logical thread that we audience can trace to can resolve this much heated debate.
There is the problem of the tacit obedience. Regardless if they had any questions about the exam process itself, their silence response to when the Invigilator asked "Are there any questions?" is tantamount to admitting 'no, they have no questions'. Thus the Invigilator should have accepted their answers then and there. The candidates followed directions, remained silent, and still answered The Question. If that does not qualify them, then why bother?
One final point of contention. The question "Are there any questions?" may be read as asking a measure of quantity as in, 'how many questions are there?' Given the correct answer is 'no' being that there was no question, there is more than one possible answer to the question.
Thus the answers either 'none', 'one', 'two', or the finite count of total number interrogatives contained in the film satisfy that as The Question.
But the candidates are told explicitly there is one answer only.
'None' is equivalent to 'no' in answering "Are there any questions?"
Objection #1
Given the answer and that is the only question asked by the Invigilator in the absence of any alternative, "Are there any questions?" must be The Question.
Rebuttal to objection #1
That is a grasping-at-straws argument. Granted not many questions were asked explicitly by the Invigilator and the CEO, but accepting that explanation employs too much suspension of disbelief. We audience are asked to accept blindly that 'no' is the correct answer to a question we were not given explicitly and thus assuming the only question asked to be The Question is the logical fallacy of accepting the only answer left.
But given the text, we audience have one clear declaration that is The Question indeed. The debate arises becasue there is no logical connexion between the answer and how the answer is suppose to have meaning in reply to The Question.
Objection #2
The "there is one question before you…" need not be taken literally. Sometimes 'before you _' is an idiomatic expression that means 'before doing _, you may/must/…'.
Thus The Question can be asked after the statement, "there is one question before you…" without the need for any actual question to be before the candidates.
Rebuttal to objection #2
The problem with that is, in order for the "before you…" to be taken in figurative way, there must be a verb, explicit or otherwise, that defines what is to be done 'before…'. For example, 'before taking the exam, you might want to study up on the material'.
Versus the "before you" in the Invigilator's speech is strictly a prepositional phrase that pinpoints the locality and there is no implied verb suggesting what action(s) the candidates ought to do.
Suppose you construe the meaning by inserting a verbal phrase, such as, 'before you taking the exam, there is one question'. This produces two problems: (1) this presupposes the existence of some question before the exam is to take place and (2) if the exam is answering "Are there any questions" as The Question, then that creates a paradox of taking the exam before the exam is given.
'There is one question before you answer the question…' or 'Before you answers he question , there is one question…'. Even here two problems arise: (1) the reading implies there are two questions open for discussion, the one question that comes before and the question to be answered. (2) The use of 'is' suggests the question is an eternal question e.g. 'is there a god?' versus using a forecasting future tense, "There [will be] one question before you…". I do not know about you, but "are there any questions?" does not strike me as an eternal question even in the context of this film.
Lingering doubts/issues/problems
Did the exam start when the candidates entered the room? Did they know that? Regardless, why have the timer?
Notice how, even after being given the correct answer to The Question, the Invigilator still went ahead and started a timer to what end? Waste 80 minutes of everyone's life?
Conclusion
"Are there any questions?" as evidence from the movie text tells us that is The Question. What we audience dissatifying is how is a question asking of clarifiying is the exam question itself with some explicit indication as such. Being the only question asked is weak at best.
In accepting The Question, the candidates' collective silence should have been sufficient acknowledgment of an answer as verbalizing "No" at the exams end. share