I know that there has been a lot of debate about the Christian themes that seem to permeate the two movies but I don't remember them being so clear in the books (granted I read them when I was quite young and might not have made the connection).
Did Lewis intend his books to be read as symbolic of Christianity or is this something that people are reading into the books now? It seems that one could read Christian themes into plenty of mythologies where no relation to any religion was intended (Star Wars immediately jumps to mind). Unlike Lucas, Lewis is dead, and therefore he can't correct people if the Christian interpretation is not what he envisioned. This seems to make his book an easier 'target' for those who want to see religion in it.
Does anyone know of any interviews with the author that might shed some insight into his actual intentions?
Up to a point, I think there is a quote somwhere which has him saying something on the lines of him not writing the stories as allegory but that some of his underlying beliefs slipped in.
"Any plan that involves loosing your hat is a BAD plan."
Yes, they werew entirely intentional, just look it up, it's all over the place. ________________________________________ I'll teach you to laugh at something that's funny!
I looked it up but didn't find much in the way of direct statements by Lewis which said, "yes, I intended the religious symbollism in the books". I mostly found statements by others supposedly paraphrasing Lewis. But these people all have agendas of their own to push, and probably have a predetermined conclusions that they wish to support and therefore interpret Lewis' words to fit those conclusiosn.
I did find one article which said that Tolkien didn't like Narnia because of the heavy-handed religious message (no cites to support these claims of course). I had always assumed he didn't like Narnia because he thought that his friend ripped off his story, but perhaps there were other reasons as well.
I believe Lewis created Aslan as a 'what if Jesus was a Lion in another fantasy world?' There are religious aspects to the books based on Christianity, especially since Lewis was so religious, but except for the resurrection scene in LWW, there are no allegories and the themes are general.
Lewis was a former Athiest turned into a Christian apologist, and yes it's plain to see that Christian/religious themes are not "underlying" as you suggest but they are openly apparrent all over the place. Aslan represents Jesus of course, as if who viewing the movie would'nt conclude that? Aslan/Jesus = "I came as the lamb but I'll return as the lion" etc.
The thing I'm most confused about is the children are called "Sons of Adam, daughters of Eve" Now I know who Aslan represents, so that's not the mystery for me, but all Narnians also know the children by those titles. It didn't seem that Narnia and all the Narnians within were weened on early Christian theology. They don't know who Abraham, Jacob, Issac, and Moses were, for that matter who both God & Jesus were. So how is it that they know the names of the first humans that were created in Genesis? How is it that Aslan chose to share only that with the Narnians? Did they also know what the Garden of Eden was, who the devil was, what the tree of life and knowledge of good and evil were?
Also if you were going to share anything with the Narnians as in doctrine from our world to theirs why would it the names of both Adam and Eve? Does it explain that more in the books themselves or are we left to wonder why this is so? Just asking.
It is never explained why humans are specifically called Sons or Adam/Daughters of Eve. They just are. They do know a good amount of the story as Mr Beaver in LWW talks about Jadis' origins where she is the daughter of Lilith, Adam's first wife. To add to the confusion, the dwarfs are called Sons of the Earth by Aslan. They are not on Earth.
Thunderdonkey, I don't think the Christian themes were nearly as obvious as you suggest and there were other possible interpretations. Calling the kids the Sons of Adam/Daughters of Eve is obviously a Biblical reference, but it doesn't necessary imply anything other than that the author intended that God existed in his stories, and therefore the human kids descended from Adam/Eve.
As far as Aslan being a symbol for Jesus - I thought it was more apparent in the movies than the books, which is why I asked about Lewis' intent in the first place. But in both the movie and the books it also seemed that he could simply have been magic, which is how I interpretted it as a little kid.
The whole Narnians losing their faith also seemed that it could have multiple interpretations. There is a religious interpretation. But there is also an interpretation that views it as an imaginary kingdom and that everyone had lost their imaginations, like the Neverending Story (the fact that only the youngest child could still see him and that the older kids weren't returning to Narnia again because they were growing up supported this view).
Aslan is not a "symbol" for Jesus. Lewis made it quite clear in the books that Aslan IS Christ, the Lion is the form He chooses to take in Narnia. Remember: "in your world I'm known by another Name..."-Aslan. Lewis has said that his stories are not religious allegories and therefore do not parallel Biblical events necessarily. Rather, they are his imaginings of alternate worlds. Since God is creator of all things, every alternate dimension should be part of His creation as well and therefore the tales are a I-wonder-what-God-did-in-one-of-the-other-worlds-He-created type of thing. As I recall the books were even more overwrought with religion, Aslan is described as the Son of the Emperor Over the Sea, having been wounded also in the humans' world, Jadis being Lilith's daughter, etc. I'm quite sure that the youngest child being able to see Aslan was a reference to Jesus Loves the Little Children and from one of Christ's sermons: to become the highest in the Kingdom of God, one should become like children.
"Lewis made it quite clear in the books that Aslan IS Christ, the Lion is the form He chooses to take in Narnia. Remember: "in your world I'm known by another Name..."-Aslan."
He may have hinted it, but it wasn't "quite clear". Why not his name be Eloheim? or Allah? or Vishnu? Remember, Aslan was the creator of Narnia, not the Emperor Across the Sea. Aslan was unchanging except for getting bigger as he told Lucy. Jesus was only around in the New Testament, not in existence before that.
Might seem odd but as an atheist I had no trouble at all recognizing the Xtian allegory throughout the series - but then I had no trouble seeing it in the movie Spitfire Grill either.( http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117718/board/thread/8195834 ). And I liked both. (Xtians should avoid making assumptions - I enjoy/appreciate stories based on myths and legends of many groups - but I do not believe in the gods/systems. They are simply interesting stories).
"In that context wouldn`t it be `Earth` as in ground rather than `Earth` as in planet?"
Still, why call the dirt earth? It was also used in TSC with the verse supposedly left as an epitaph: Though under Earth and throneless now I be/Yet, while I lived, all Earth was under me.
This was in he land of the giants who should not have heard or used the name Earth.
C.S. Lewis was not obsessive about accuracy or consistency in his world the way Tolkien was. He wrote things down fast as they occurred to him, and not always in a way that made sense. This was one of the things that irritated Tolkien about him - he both envied his facility, and slightly despised the slapdash quality of his work. It is slapdash, but also has great verve and charm.
For that matter, how DID we end up referring to our home planet as `Earth` anyway? Ok, some people latinise it and use the term `Terra` or occasionally `Tellus` or `Gaia` but, as a passing alien once said "Dirt, silly name for a planet".
Perhaps we should start a global campaign to come up with a better name?
"Any plan that involves loosing your hat is a BAD plan."
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In short, the answer to the original question is, yes. However, there are some nuances to the issue.
A young reader once wrote to Lewis asking who Aslan is. Lewis was not explicit because he wanted the kid to guess, but it is most obvious from what he wrote he intended the child to guess that it was Jesus. I'm pretty sure you can find this letter in the short volume, CS Lewis: Letters To Children.
However, let me say too that Lewis did not begin each story with Christian goals, so this was not his *primary* purpose in writing the works. He said that he began by thinking of images and characters, such as the faun by the lamppost in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. He had been experimenting with stories of talking animals and mythic creatures since he was a little boy (some of his childhood stories have even been published as a book called "Boxen"--Boxen was a mystical land that was something of a prototype for Narnia). So his first priority was to create interesting characters and stories for children utilizing creatures that had always fascinated him. However, as a very strong believer in Christ and as someone then already famous as a lay theologian, Christian elements ended up working their way in as they do in most of his books. He interpreted so much of life and his own sense of morality and good values through his own personal faith, I suspect it would have been hard for him to write these stories without any Christian elements (not that he would have wanted to).
The ideas that did come to him, though, he clearly recognized as Christian and included as a way of retelling the Christian story. He once said that idea was something that appealed to him: if there really were other universes or non-earthly realms how would the Christian story play out there? After all he believed that Christ was Lord over all, so he believed if there were different realms then Christ would have to be Lord there too. You can get a sense of this philosophy or mind-set from his space trilogy too, especially in Perelandra, which is essentially a retelling of the Adam and Eve story set in Venus instead of Earth. (I recommend his space trilogy--I've personally always liked those books better than the Narnian stories.)
(Just to add also: the Boxen stories from Lewis' childhood that I mentioned seem to indicate your other point from a later reply was wrong: Lewis did not just rip off Tolkien in these books.)
And it says so at the end of The Voyage of the Dawn Treader:: Lewis explain that what Aslan is in Narnia, it is as well in our real world, but with another name. So you have to find out, you have to find Him in the real world. Christ. He is clearly introducing children to the idea of Christianism. What is Aslan in Narnia, is Jesus. Though, so far I haven´t read he is directly calling Aslan Jesus, but thats becoz I have some books left to read.
In Book 6, The Magician's Nephew, prequel to LWW, Narnia is set up and colonized with Victorian English people. We must assume that they brought in the ideas of Christmas, Adam & Eve, etc.
Sometimes the parallels between the worlds are pretty farfetched--Father Christmas? Tolkien tolerated Narnia but felt that that element was going too far.
On how Aslan/Jesus could be around at the Dawn of Time:
"Jesus was only around in the New Testament, not in existence before that."
In John's Gospel, Jesus is said to be the Logos, a piece of God who was "with God in the beginning." This concept started in Hellenic Jewish thought where God creates a being which has some autonomy but is still part of God. Christian retcon points out God's soliloquies in the Garden of Eden, wherein he refers to himself as "we," to say that God is talking to Jesus in the Garden, and that Jesus existed as a spirit until he became the Man of Nazareth in Roman Empire times. (I think the Garden of Eden text is simply plagiarized Babylonian mythology where there were many gods.) Christianity has many ways to explain that Jesus has "existed always."
From what I remember, he wanted to entertain a sick little girl--which is why he wrote the story in the first place. Once CS Lewis embraced a relationship with Christ, ALL of his writings reflected that conversion & following relationship. As he wrote in Of Other Worlds:
"Some people seem to think that I began by asking myself how I could say something about Christianity to children; then fixed on the fairy tale as an instrument, then collected information about child psychology and decided what age group I’d write for; then drew up a list of basic Christian truths and hammered out 'allegories' to embody them. This is all pure moonshine. I couldn’t write in that way. It all began with images; a faun carrying an umbrella, a queen on a sledge, a magnificent lion. At first there wasn't anything Christian about them; that element pushed itself in of its own accord."
As to the Daughters of Eve/Sons of Adam is is because they came from this world, which is where, if you're a creationist, the world & all its inhabitants began. As such, those are the two important characters in the Narnian world, as opposed to Biblical characters such as Moses, Abraham, etc.
I realise that this is a bit late but just on the off chance anyone is catching up with this thread they might find the link below interesting. It contains a letter by CSW dealing with this point:
I believe Lewis stated himself that the Narnia books were intended as secular works, but that his Christianity may have subconsciously strongly affected him while writing.
The underlying Christian themes are very strongly present in the first two books, The Magician's Nephew (basically dealing with the Creation, along with the Fall of Man) and LWW (Jesus's death and redemption of mankind) - I have not read the others yet, but I don't believe they emphasize the Christian points as strongly.
The Last Battle certainly has a pretty heavy echo of the apocalypse. It's (just IMHO obviously) the worst of the lot by far largely due to the belabouring of this link.
He even has the dead rising from the grave and the good ones going on to a better place.