I would suggest that in some ways Lewis is using Susan to represent himself. He believed in God as a child. When he got older he became an atheist and rejected what he considered to be childish ideas. Later still he changed his mind again and returned to his earlier faith, but with much greater intellectual rationale behind his beliefs. Faith is about believing that which you cannot see. This is too much for some people to do, and it seems to be especially common for people to lose faith in earlier beliefs as they grow older (Santa Claus and the tooth fairy for example). Think of how many little kids are sure they heard Santa Claus coming down the chimney or saw his sleigh streak across the sky on Christmas eve. I think Lewis would have been remiss without including this aspect that often goes hand-in-hand with the idea of faith. Not everyone exposed to ideas will continue to have those ideas throughout his/her lifetime. This is so common it should be represented.
Remember Lewis' dedication at the start of the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe to his god-daughter Lucy Barfield. He mentions the same sorts of ideas there (that as a teenager she is probably now too old to appreciate fairy tales, but that hopefully when she's older still she'll return again to them). I think this is all that his is trying to do with Susan's story. I haven't read the Last Battle for a while, but doesn't he say something about Narnia not being done with Susan? I think it's clear that she will return to her lost faith eventually, as Lewis himself had done.
This is actually a common theme of Lewis' writing and mindset. One of his early books was The Pilgrim's Regress, which is an allegory that describes exactly what I am talking about here.
I don't think what he did to Susan's character was in anyway gratuitous, but was used to make an important point. It's also not a commentary on "growing up," or her "sexuality," or anything else that some have claimed. After all, she was a grown queen of Narnia and that was great. This happens because she has lost her faith and become distracted by material things. But getting off course is not something final; it can be corrected later once she becomes more mature and re-evaluates her beliefs--she'll end up in the New Narnia in the end.
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