There's a well-known interpretation of the original Ladykillers as political metaphor for post-war England: the new Labour government lodging itself in the house of good old England (like the gang in Mrs Wilberforce's house) and redistributing the wealth by social reforms. Due to post-war austerity Labour was voted out of office and the ensuing conservative government benefited from the reforms introduced by Labour (like Mrs. Wilberforce got to the lolly).
While Mrs Wilberforce stands for the old conservative (Victorian period) England, the gang consists of conservatives' enemy stereotypes: the intellectual "Professor" Marcus, the middle-class renegade Major Courtney (by the way, bearing quite some outward resemblance to Prime Minister Clement Attlee), working-class member One-Round, Harry as member of the youth (observed suspiciously by conservatives), Louis as the real-deal criminal.
Surely, being big fans of the original, the Coens must have been aware of this interpretation and it wouldn't be surprising if they had in some way incorporated something similar into the remake, carried over to contemporary American society. Though I don't think everything transfers one-to-one, the goverment in question could be the Clinton administration, since the film takes place in the 90s. A gang member jeopardizing the enterprise by a sexual escapade might ring a bell. Also Bill kind of "brought his bitch to the Waffle Hut", with Hillary regularly taking part in cabinet meetings.
While in the original Major Courtney is a conservative character that, so to say, went astray, Garth Pancake is a (former) member of the Civil Rights Movement who basically gives up his liberal ideals and Martin Luther King's dream (MLK being explicitly mentioned by Mrs Munson in the beginning) for a reduced version of the American Dream, i.e. getting rich, symbolically in the act of leaving the Mother Jones magazines behind in place of the money.
A noteworthy difference to the original is that in the remake the gang robs a casino. One thing that makes the American Dream still so attractive is the promise that everybody has the chance to make it by hard work. Think of the program Gawain's mother watches in his flashback: "The Jeffersons", a sitcom about a nouveau riche Afro-American family. But it's rather like a lottery: everybody can win, but few do, and (matching the casino's name "Bandit Queen") the lottery is rigged:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfgSEwjAeno
The casino could also be interpreted as a metaphor for financial capitalism and free market unbound by Reagan in the 80s, which has been continued by subsequent administrations, by the Clinton administration e.g. by NAFTA and the repeal of Glass-Steagall.
In this context the gang would consist of a mixture of conservatives' enemy stereotypes (the "liberal" college professor, Civil Rights Movement member Garth, the General as former Vietcong hence communist) and losers of "the lottery" (Gawain as member of the black lower-class, Lump probably at least on the brink of lower-class).
But the Professor's statement concluding his speech "we merry band unbound by the constraints of society and the prejudices of the common ruck" doesn't sound very liberal, more like the attitude with which the economic elite rigs "the lottery" in its favor and splits society, though his speech started out with a quite liberal touch: "we who have shared each other's company, each other's cares, each other's joys, and who shall now reap the fruits of our communal efforts, shoulder to shoulder, from each according to his abilities, so forth and whatnot". *)
Also Garth requesting compensation for "blowing his own goddamn finger off", reminds a bit of banks having lost money in risky speculations and asking for governmental bail-out.
Now "you have wrested the information from me! Now it is all on the table. Now you have it, the whole story, the awful truth." ;)
Well, if one takes that interpretation at face value I wouldn't consider the film necessarily to be anti-liberal (pro-conservative) propaganda. One might rather see in it a dig at Democrats using liberal rhetoric to sell anti-liberal policies ("double talk" as Mrs Munson repeatedly remarks with respect to Professor Dorr). And you could see it as a cautionary tale. If one doesn't find feasible alternatives to "the rigged lottery", society as a whole might end up like the gang.
In the end the villains are punished and taken off to Garbage Island (which I guess represents the afterlife) and the money goes to Bob Jones University.
The priest uses it in his sermon as a graphic depiction of hell: "That garbage island in the shadowland where scavenger birds feast on the bones of the backsliding damned." So society as a whole might end up in some sort of "hell" which resembles the notion of "the dismal tide" mentioned in "No Country for Old Men" where, by the way, at a certain point also "the scavenger bird", the raven reappears.
One can be pretty sure that throwing all the money at Bob Jones University (maybe to find a Creationism based solution to the problem?) wouldn't be the Coens' very own secret desire. ;) You might see in it a warning that liberal "double talk" may play into the hands of the religious right. I think, it's also a satirical take on the fact that sometimes people (like, in this case, Mrs Munson) just don't know what the heck they are doing, even making decisions contrary to their own interests.
*)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_need
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