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When southerners wore the blue uniform and other taboo subjects


As much as I am fascinated by Civil War history and movies, GODS AND GENERALS should not have surprised me the way it did when at the beginning of the movie it depicted so many southern soldiers and officers still wearing the U.S. Army blue uniform. (It would be called the Union Army during the war)
But it made obvious sense of course. The future Confederate generals were still in the U.S. Army and still wearing with pride their U.S. Army blue uniforms and rank insignia.

I wonder in all sincerity, how do Southern Americans feel about seeing their famous Confederate officers and generals wearing U.S. Army (Union yankee) uniforms, even if it was historically accurate at the very start of the war? I thought to myself, it must be a blasphemous sacriledge to portray famous Confederate officers and generals still in yankee uniforms. But it was all true.

Even General Wheeler, Confederate cavalry general, wore the blue uniform twice! Wheeler re-entered the U.S. Army briefly during the Spanish American war as a major general. When he passed away, his body was dressed in a magnificent, general's blue uniform that was strongly reminiscent of the Civil War Union general's uniform. This reputedly shocked elderly Civil War Confederate veterans who visited his open coffin to pay their last respects.

Some American Civil War subjects are by tacit agreement taboo. You won't hear or see these in movies, or if so, just alluded towards.

1) Southern men who joined the Union army as enlisted and officers. You have to be a deep reader of Civil War history to come across names of high ranking Union officers who originated from the South or from border states where the people spoke with southern accents.

2) There were supposed to have been northern men sympathetic to the South who joined the Confederate Army. It's even harder to find information on this topic.

3) At the eleventh hour, when all was lost, in the last three to four months of the war, Confederate President Jeff Davis and his political supporters finally forced through against ferocious opposition the enlisting of negroes in the Confederate Army, albeit in separate formations, much as the Union Army had. There is very little information on this topic and everyone prefers not to discuss it even though it is clearly stated in all American history books. That this even happened and there were numbers of negroes marching under Confederate battle colors and possibly wearing Confederate uniforms - if any uniforms were available at all by this final stage of the lost war - remains a shameful memory to today's Afro-American people. At least there is the consolation that it was far too late to properly train and equip these black formations and few opportunities to commit them effectively to combat. Going up against trained, battle-experiened and well-equipped Union armies which vastly outnumbered them would have meant slaughter.

4) Other minorities fought in the war, on both sides. History records there were Chinese men enlisted in the Union Army. There was supposed to be a Chinese corporal serving in the Confederate artillery. A number of Native American tribes from the Five Civilized Indian Nations opted to side with the Confederacy, as it turns out, a very bad decision. This is perhaps the only legitimate justification the U.S. government had after the war for abrogating its treaties and siezing their lands. Losers tend to lose everything.

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Very good points brought up, Jeff. You know quite alot more about the war than I do, and I'm a born and bred, died-in-the-wool Southerner. I think, as you say, that the truth has been obscured over the years by what we (want to) believe is true. I took a literary theory class as an English major where we learned about New Historicism, and the textbook example used was that in order to find out exactly what happened in the Civil War, one would have to interview every single person who fought in it, was affected by it, etc. This would include soldiers of all races and ranks, as well as nurses, spectators, politicians, newspapers, and the list goes on and on and on. "History" as we know it is the reports passed down from only a select few, and therefore isn't an accurate portrayal of any event, especially a war. But I digress...you made some very interesting points and shared some good info, and I wanted to comment as a Southerner since you questioned what we thought about the uniforms changing.

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As an added note about the uniforms, by the end of the war with supplies nearly nonexistent you could find Confederates once again wearing Union uniforms - stolen from Yankee supplies or stripped from dead soldiers. This practice often was a sore point with officers who were worried about friendly fire incidents. It's also interesting to note that several militia units in northern states (such as Pennsylvania and New York) wore gray uniforms at the beginning of the war. There were even units that wore pith helmets similar to the British forces in Africa and India. One thing that did surprise me was the group of Confederate soldiers dressed in colonial American outfits - does anyone have info on who they were?

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GODS AND GENERALS should not have surprised me the way it did when at the beginning of the movie it depicted so many southern soldiers and officers still wearing the U.S. Army blue uniform. But it made obvious sense of course. The future Confederate generals were still in the U.S. Army and still wearing with pride their U.S. Army blue uniforms and rank insignia.

For many of the soldiers depicted in Gods & Generals, those uniforms are not blue because they are men resigend from the US Army; they are blue because they are Virginia State Militia uniforms. In 1858, blue was made the official color of militia uniforms, though many units were allowed to keep traditional colors and gray was the most popular color.

In the first scene in the movie with Jackson (in the VMI classroom), the caption on the screen says, "Thomas Jackson, US Army." But I notice his belt buckle is a round Virginia state belt buckle instead of the rectangular US Army belt buckle. This must be a mistake if he had not resigned from the Regular Army up to that point.

Also, I don't believe Jackson's two staff officers (James P. Smith and Sandie Pendleton) were in the prewar US Army, so their uniforms are also Virginia militia. And the truth is, Smith was not an officer or a member of Jackson's staff until September 1862.

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You're right that some of that information is pretty obscure. I have the fortune of having subscribed to bound volumes of Civil War Times Illustrated from Feb 1962 (Vol.1,#1) through 1970 and some of the points you've mentioned have interesting articles about them; for one I just finished reading an article about black troops marching in Richmond days before Lee's evacuation, apparently one of the only times this happened (Aug. '65 issue.)

As far as southerners fighting for the north and vice-versa, Shelby Foote's Civil War trilogy mentions quite a few of these. Two off the top of my head, Gen. Thomas "The Rock of Chickamauga" a Virginian, and Gen. Pemberton, a Pennsylvanian who surrended Vicksburg.

I've never heard of Chinese serving (not denying it, just never heard of it) but I am familiar with the Indians who served the Confederacy (Gen. Stan Watie, a Creek IIRC, was the last rebel general in that war to surrender.)

Another issue, but the treatment of Indians is the blackest page in American history, IMO, even blacker than slavery. I think with the attitude of superiority exhibited, they were going to break those treaties anyway regardless of what the Indians did.

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I read that at the First Battle of Bull Run, oddly, not only was a regiment of Southerners who had been unable to purchase grey uniforms and so had worn old army uniforms and went to the field in blue, but likewise a regiment of Yankees who were wearing grey because blue dye had run out in their home state due to the recent demand.

Each proved good at ambushing their enemies during the battle, and provoked the creation of a special battle flag (now much more famous than their 'national' flag) for the Confederates - supposedly with the low winds on the battlefield the Union and Confederacy flags hung low and were difficult to distinguish from one another.

I suspect the problem is that you have too many paperclips up your nose

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