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An Argument Against David’s Evolution into Personhood


In, David's Need for Mutual Recognition: A Social Personhood Defense of Steven Spielberg's A. I. Artificial Intelligence (2016, Manninen), the authors contend that the final sequence in A.I. Artificial Intelligence was not some sentimental attempt at closure, but rather a necessary component in fulfilling David’s evolution from mecha to person.

John Locke regarded a person as any entity capable of reason, self-reflection, and the ability to discern itself as itself. According to philosophers, a metaphysical person is any individual capable of “reason, self-consciousness, self-reflection, and moral agency. While human embryos, fetuses, elderly individuals with advanced dementia, or some mentally disabled individuals are biological persons, they are not metaphysical persons, in the sense that they do not possess the mental capacities of persons” (Manninen, 2016).

With this, we can arguably attribute an element of metaphysical personhood to David, as he exhibits the aforementioned faculties. We see David reason with Monica as she leaves him in the forest, exclaiming how he will become real for her; as he speaks with Joe, he acknowledges that he is not real, deducing that Monica loves Martin because he is real; and throughout the film, he is frequently shown proclaiming that he is David, indicating to the audience that he recognizes who he is. Although these points may be tenuous, they serve as elements of a larger transition which, according to the Manninens, David undergoes.

When the advanced mecha grant his final wish, David’s metamorphosis becomes complete. Throughout the film, David is never shown blinking, highlighting his robotic state. When Monica finally acknowledges that she loves him, David closes his eyes for the first (and last) time, completing his evolution into personhood. The Manninen’s argue that David’s recognition from Monica in the end fulfill the condition for his evolution into personhood, and that without this scene, David would continue to be an object rather than a person, despite what Professor Hobby tells him regarding his uniqueness.

However, despite the fanciful claims and reasoning, there is one element which, in my view, dispels any such evolution, and that is that Monica is not real. It is not the real Monica who acknowledges that she loves David, but rather a fake simulation, one less real and biologically human than David. If all David needed for personhood was social recognition, then the closest he came to receiving it was from Professor Hobby, who acknowledged him as a special iteration.

For this reason, one cannot reasonably conclude that David completed his Pinocchio journey and finally turned into a figurative boy. David did not learn and grow. He remained the same David that was imprinted to love Monica in the beginning of the film, unlike Teddy and, to a lesser extent, Joe, both of whom exercised an existence out of their programming.

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August 26, 2021 Thursday 5:35 PM ET

What you said has given me a lot of personal take aways; splendidly done.

Faith and reason go together. Life is not absurd. What we see and do is only our perception of reality and not the truth itself, yet is knowable. Our memory or will gives us emotions, experiences, the ability to use and learn knowledge, to satisfy human needs through our shaped perspectives that grow through living. We are able to investigate and explore, having intellect to capture the imagination with reason to rationalize our everyday existence. Our faith is an outpouring of this; a response to wisdom and love, seasoned through our ability to make personal decisions and choices. All of this leads back to the existence of the soul - the essence of our being: the conscious personality endowed with perpetual living reunited with a body.

~~/o/

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An interesting and insightful comment as always, although its esoteric nature made it difficult for me to apply within the context of the original post.

With your words, I would like to discuss Teddy (a recurring topic of mine, I know) again.

I believe one of the reasons for the film's criticism (potential quality notwithstanding) is its liminal state between two directing visions--Kubrick or Spielberg? It certainly tries to tackle on many themes simultaneously, but the sum of the parts don't quite add up to expectation.

Upon scrutiny, we see the film's denouement as not one of happiness, but one of profound sadness, because it ultimately leaves Teddy, the only person who has ever truly loved David, all alone. Not only did Teddy go out of his way to stay with David despite his programming, but he sacrificed his entire existence and potential happiness for a reality that never became actualized. David did not acknowledge Teddy when he gave him the locke of hair, without which David's dream of reuniting with Monica would have never been realized, nor did he acknowledge Teddy's loyalty and supreme friendship. In fact, we never even see a moment where David and Teddy part ways. What we see instead is a simulated sequence where David is happy with Monica, but at Teddy's expense (literally and figuratively). The ending simulation depicts Teddy, the object, being the butt of the jokes (i.e., hide and seek). More than that, however, is with David's symbolic and literal death, he prevents Teddy from ever finding contentment, as all humans have gone extinct. Although we may speculate and assume that the advanced mecha will take Teddy in, I find it much more likely, given what we see in the film, that they merely discard him.

The intrigue in the film is that it is not David who appears sentient or able to exert control over his actions, it is Teddy. All of David's actions function to serve himself, whereas those of Teddy serve others (i.e., David). David's entire perspective is shaped around his coding, where he seeks to be loved by Monica. Teddy, on the other hand, escapes all of his programming. He leaves, volitionally, Martin, despite still being programed to be his "supertoy," and when in the hands of another human who may potentially love him (the girl at the fair), he uses his wit to free David by telling her that he is real. David shows no higher intelligence in the film, instead perseverating on the notion that he may someday become real. Even Joe realizes that his pursuit is a logical dead end.

David is a figure of pathos, but not one to be pitied. His self-serving, reckless, and selfish nature makes him part of the same solipsistic breed of humans which he so longs to be a part of. This is also part of the overarching double entendre of the ending, where by fulfilling his Pinnochio journey, David cements all of humanities foibles, instead of remaining the AI which is actually more human than the humans (i.e., Teddy).

We saw this with Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, where Hal, despite status as machine, was more human in his emotional exhibition than any of his accompanying biological cosmonauts.

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August 29, Sunday 12:00 [edited 12:10 for grammar] PM ET

I'm glad we can bounce ideas off of each other.

Since David is an android, by trying to be "real" he is attempting to be something he's not. Ironically, by not accepting himself for what he is, he rejects the very "matter" of his "being" for something that can only be "apparent" (not real) for him. Due to his rationale, he embraces a system of thought that inherently seeks to do away with everything that's natural for him (material) towards an ascension which can only be expressed in terms completely spiritual.

In doing so, he abuses his android body, emphasizing form over function, not understanding that living a meaningful proper life means that you shouldn't think in black and white descriptors, which in his case means falling into the trap of Gnosticism where all matter is evil and only spiritual things can be good. He figuratively makes this mistake, signified through actions and way of thinking, certainly not helped by prejudice he experiences from many humans in the film. David has let fear make his decisions for him rather than compelling him to personally change. Truly living starts with a profound change (conversion) inside-out.

You bring up a good point about how at least two different yet contrasting views can still parallel each other, which reminds me of this piece I came across in my continuing Bible studies. It's called "mahanaim" (two camps; notably similar to doublets - more than one version of a story). I originally encountered this Hebraic concept somewhere in Billy Graham's Angels: God's Secret Agents.
https://www.biblestudywithrandy.com/2019/02/mahanaim-insights-from-biblical-geography/

~~/o/

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Your points are apt as usual. Thank you for enlightening me on mahanaim.

With David's yearning to be loved, I hearken back to a comment I once read regarding David's treatment toward Teddy, who is left all alone as he slips away into eternity with Monica.

Love is as selfish as [it is] generous. In serving one thing, it disregards all others.

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