70 years after the author's death
That's true in
some cases, but not all and definitely not true for the various works of Tolkien, which are affected differently by copyright laws depending on their publication dates, whether or not they were of joint authorship (as most of the posthumous works were), or what country the copyright is effective in.
The Silmarillion, which is what most often comes up in these threads, is included in the protections afforded by the Copyright Term Extension Act (USA,1996, amended 1998) which extends its copyright to
95 years after its publication date. The Sil was first published in 1977, so its copyright will expire, at the earliest, in 2067 - fifty years from now. But, since the work is one of joint authorship (with Christopher Tolkien and to a lesser extent, Guy Gavriel Kay), the copyright may be valid until 70 years after the death of CRRT, who is still alive, thus making its earliest entry into the public domain the year 2087.
The works published during Tolkien's lifetime, such as
The Hobbit and LOTR, will enter the public domain sooner but rights to make films of those works already exist, although they are currently tied up in legal disputes. Other posthumous works of JRRT are also co-authored by CRRT, and the copyrights are not held by individuals but by the Tolkien Copyright Trust and subject to the restrictions placed on them by JRRT when he created the Tolkien Trust before his death. He did say in his will he did not want any of the rights to his remaining works to be sold, and he could have made this a binding condition in the estate trust.
In any case, none of these works, other than TH and LOTR, will be in the public domain within the next 50 years.
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