It took the USA another 20 +/- years to adopt something with similar characteristics with the new M-16 and later M-16A1.
No, the M2 Carbine (first issued in 1944) was also selective fire, also had a 30-round detachable box magazine, and was also chambered for an intermediate cartridge (in other words, it was also an assault rifle). The .30 Carbine is less powerful than the 7.92×33mm Kurz (~1,000 ft. lbs. vs. ~1,400 ft. lbs. of muzzle energy), but it still has about 3 times the muzzle energy of standard military 9mm and .45 ACP cartridges (both of which have ~360 ft. lbs. of muzzle energy). On top of that, it was FAR lighter than the StG 44 (5.2 pounds vs. 10.1 pounds).
The M1 Carbine was first issued in 1942 and was originally intended to be selective-fire like the later M2. Design work started on the M1 Carbine in 1938, so the U.S. had the "assault rifle" idea before Germany did (design work started on the MKb 42 in 1940).
Also, the M16A1 wasn't later than the M16. After the Colt models 601 and 602, development split into the Colt model 603 (XM16E1, M16A1) and the Colt model 604 (M16). That happened because the Army insisted on having a forward assist mechanism incorporated into the design, so they got the 603 (601 and 602 never had a forward assist, and neither did the original ArmaLite AR-15 prototypes). The Air Force didn't want a forward assist (Colt and Eugene Stoner didn't think the forward assist was necessary either), so they got the 604, which was the same as the 603, minus the forward assist.
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