Some modern non-nuclear boats use AIP Stirling Engines that carry liquid oxygen to feed the diesel engines. Very quiet and allows for weeks of submerged operation. Swedish and Japanese diesel-electric boats use them.
And go almost NOWHERE in doing so.
AIP barely trickles in any power to the batteries. It does not recharge the batteries so much as it just slows the drain on them making them last longer before needing recharging. And THAT only at bare steerage way, about 3-4 knots at best. Any more and the battery drain is more than the AIP can keep up with. Modern Diesel Boats are still limited Coastal Defense submarines. Not Deep water subs. Yes they are quieter than Nukes when running silent on battery/AIP propulsion... but they still wind up having to snorkel and then they are noisy as hell.
Your description of Sterling Engines carrying liquid Oxygen to feed the diesel engines is also in error. There are many different types of AIP propulsion, Sterling engines are one such, Fuel Cells are another. What you are describing is a Closed Cycle Diesel, not a Sterling Engine. And there are only a couple of subs with Closed Cycle Diesel. The rest are either Sterling or Fuel Cell AIP.
I joined the Navy to see the world, only to discover the world is 2/3 water!
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