Tim Curry - Would have been able to pull it off
Willem Dafoe - Obviously screams Joker
David Bowie - Great choice, could have made the role his own
Jeff Goldbum - Interesting
James Woods - Not a bad choice
Donald Sutherland - Good choice
John Lithgow - Heard he turned it down, but it would have worked
Brad Dourif - Weird choice
Robert Eungland - Could of added creepiness to the role
Robert DeNiro - Might have worked
Alan Rickman - Another interesting choice
Ray Liotta - He was considered for Joker as well?
John Malkovich - Has the chops, so that could have worked back then
Christopher Lyod - Wacky choice
Robin Williams - Could have been interesting, but he could have been too over the top and distracting
The line I disagree with you on most is James Woods - this guy just plays either himself or a slightly less nervous version of himself in every movie. I simply can't imagine him as Joker without completely changing the character, he doesn't have the range.
Brad Dourif - could have worked, maybe.
Ray Liotta - could have worked for this movie's gangster Joker https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COKhfMqL5IY
EDIT: Just realized that top comment in the related youtube video agrees with me.
Robert DeNiro - there's a Murray joke in here somewhere.
Brad Douriff is actually a really good option. His performance in the Exorcist 3 shows incredible range. He was great in Body Parts and his work as Chucky shows good irreverence in the horror of crime.
Nicholson was the "top of the list" choice from early on. And it didn't necessarily matter that physically and facially, he wasn't much of a match for The Joker from the comics (too heavy in body; too round in face.) James Woods, Tim Curry, and Ray Liotta were likely better matches.
What Jack Nicholson was in 1989 was -- arguably America's greatest "prestige star actor." Nicholson had tried to maintain a "serious career" from Easy Rider on. He turned down leading roles in The Sting(Redford part), Close Encounters, Superman(Lex Luthor), and many commercial hits. When he tried his first "A" horror movie -- it was The Shining , and it was for Kubrick.
Consequently, the producers of "Batman" (who had hired Jack to play the Devil in The Witches of Eastwick two years prior, another "prestige summer movie") were hellbent for leather to hire Jack Nicholson as their Joker.
And there was this: when Superman came to the screen as an A picture in 1978, Marlon Brando was enticed to give HIS prestige authority to the movie , even though he was only in the movie a short time at the beginning(and yet, top billed.)
In 1988/89, Jack Nicholson was the closest thing to Brando as "the great American prestige actor" and they were DESPERATE to get him to play the Joker accordingly.
As I recall from the time, Nicholson kept being mentioned as "the top candidate" but never committed, and so the producers finally announced that Robin Williams(at the time, a major star himself) for the role. THAT evidently set a fire under Jack and -- with certain guarantees of salary, points and toy royalties -- Jack signed on.
As far as I was concerned, the change from Robin Williams as the Joker to Jack Nicholson as the Joker was...monumental. A major, established prestige star of two decades power was finally going to do "a summer movie."
Nicholson was not the only choice for the Joker, but he was the best choice for "Hollywood history." And a much more bankable star than James Woods or Tim Curry.
And Hollywood History WAS served: Marlon Brando anchored Superman. Jack Nicholson anchored Batman. Thus were both famous comic characters given the imprimatur of Hollywood legends in these films.