I always thought that the scene was very inconclusive about Tom's prognosis and eventual fate.
And here is a quote from James J. Mark's The Peninsular Campaign in Virgina 1864, page 196, about a scene in a field Hospital at the White House (not to be confused with the one in Washington DC) in late May 1862:
In another group of sufferers I found a little boy apparently not more than twelve years of age; the long hair thrown back from a beautiful forehead, enabled me to see by the lantern light a very childlike face. His right leg had been amputated above his knee and he was lying motionless, and apparently breathless, and as white as snow. I bent over him, and put my fingers on his wrist, and discovered to my surprise the faint trembling of a pulse. I immediately said to my attendant: "Why, the child is alive!"
"Yes, sir" said he, opening his eyes. "I am alive; will you not send me to my mother?"
"And where is your mother," said I "my child?"
"In Sumterville, South Carolina." he replied.
"Oh! yes, my son, we will certainly send you to your mother."
"Well, well," said he. "That is kind. I will go to sleep now."
And that is all the story. So did the boy live or die? Was Marks just telling a white lie to comfort a dying child?
And that is what I wonder about what Billy said to Tom in the scene in the hospital. It is very annoying.
At least poor Tom managed to defy time for about three years and eight months, not seeming to get any older between First Bull Run and the fall of Petersburg.
James D. Lockwood, in
Life and Adventures of a Drummer Boy 1893, says that when he was discharged from the 4th NY Heavy Artillery he was eighteen years old but only five feet tall and very puny, probably the result of eating army food all those years. Being too small to get civilian work, he reenlisted in the 18th United states Infantry.
Maybe poor nutrition in the army explains why Tom never seemed to grow.
Or maybe Tom was some kind of immortal child who never grew older. Maybe his supernatural powers enabled him to survive an otherwise fatal wound and after living with Billy for a while he had to leave to keep his secret.
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