The Klingon dictionary says that Malts is a prisoner of the Federation for his role in what was basically a terrorist attack, assuming that Commander Kruge acted without Klingon high command's permission in this movie. But even as a prisoner he chose to help the Federation linguists understand the intricacies of the Klingon languages.
The computer game Star Trek Klingon Academy takes the joke further. Somebody says that there are rumors Maltz was taken prisoner and is helping the Feds better understand Klingon & that it's a total lie and the official empire position is that "Maltz died a hero with the rest of his crew."
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