The Civil War's Influence - Bank /Train Robbers of the James/Younger era
Being from the South (Alabama) and having read much of these outlaws and others in this period, I feel that if Civil War had a different ending, these men may not have choen this path. The total obliteration of a way of life, loss of relatives, property and position caused many a Rebel to go wrong. While the Youngers came from a successful reatailing family, the James family sort of fit the lower middle demographics of the period (lots of moving, problems with law enforcement, tragedy, distrust of the federal Govt.)
Somt of this is still true in the NEW SOUTH. While a truly lovely and warm place, we are still a violent very macho culture. Gun ownership in Alabama is second only to Texas. The male and female roles are more clearly defined and traditional and acting out by Southern men is just accepted and even ecouraged.
Up until the last couple of generations it was understood that many Southern men would do some prison or a least county jail time (assualt, DUI, gun charges - just being a good old boy). (In my family it was said that a man was "away on busines for the state") Distrust of the Govt. is still very prevalent in the South.