First I wanted to share a short little story of how I came to see and love The Black Stallion as one of my all-time favorite movies. It really happened when, as a 10-year-old kid, like any other 10-year-old kid at the time, I ANXIOUSLY wanted to see The Empire Strikes Back. Well, all the tickets were SOLD OUT for that movie, and I was pissed. But my parents offered a substitute movie to see that day, and The Black Stallion happened to be playing that same day (it must have been held over, since the official release year for "Stallion" was 1979 and the release year for "Empire" was 1980). Anyway, I was grumbling for awhile going in, but then I ended up just loving The Black Stallion and was so glad I got to see it. Needless to say, I still got to see The Empire Strikes Back at a later date, and the rest is history...
Anyway, about the widescreen thing. Yeah, one of the greatest sources of information for me as to how movies are shot and about the exact process of widescreen filming was Widescreen Review magazine. I definitely recommend it. It is VERY extensive and thorough. At least it was several years ago; I don't know how it is today. When I opened that magazine, I noticed several pages packed full of text, with some very clear illustrations. More text of really good information than there was advertising or fluff material. They explained there are actually two widescreen formats in film currently: 1.85:1, or "Academy Flat", as they explained; and 2:35:1, the really wide widescreen, also known as "Panavision", or more generically, "anamorphic". The former method is where the cinematographer does what the previous poster said - shoots in full frame 35mm, 4:3 aspect ratio (the film people tend to refer to it as 1.33:1), like television, then crops the top and bottom to make a 1:85 frame during projection. This shooting method is often called "shoot and protect", because the director and cinematographer try to make sure that even when they shoot full frame, they protect the top and bottom from any obstructions like boom mics and so forth. Except someone made a goof when making "A Fish Called Wanda". The latter method of shooting widescreen, "Panavision" or "anamorphic", involves a special distorting lens on the camera that squeezes everything vertically onto a 4:3 frame. (You may have seen old VHS tapes where, at least for the title sequence or something, everyone looked extremely skinny, just so they could fit the widescreen titles on TV.) Then, when that vertically distorted image is run through the projector, the projector has the opposite kind of lens that stretches everything out again so it's 2:35 on the screen.
Anyway, I would recommend Widescreen Review and American Cinematographer as two of the best magazines on how movies are shot (including lighting, lenses, and formats). The latter magazine I would probably recommend more for those really interested in filmmaking.
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