How is the book different from the film?

Here's ones I can Remember

1. David Jones is actually Dr. Carpenter(Fergot 1st Name.)
2. The Sub is actually called USS Dolphin.
3. The Commander is Captain Swanson not James Faraday.
4. There are no Marines or Friendly Russians on Board.
5. There is a Executive Officer John Hansen in the Novel. Absent in the Movie.
6.Given Bellow is a Direct Quote from WikiPedia
The novel was later very loosely adapted into the 1968 John Sturges film of the same name starring Rock Hudson. The most obvious changes involved the names of the novel's characters:

The nuclear submarine Dolphin became the USS Tigerfish (SSN-509).
The British spy Dr. Carpenter was renamed David Jones, portrayed by Patrick McGoohan.
Commander Swanson was changed to Commander Ferraday, portrayed by Hudson.
Additional characters were added, including a U.S. Marine platoon trained in Arctic warfare:

Soviet defector Boris Vaslov, portrayed by Ernest Borgnine
Marine Captain Leslie Anders, portrayed by Jim Brown
1st Lt. Russell Walker, portrayed by Tony Bill
Much of the novels characterization involving the submarine's crew found was jettisoned in favor of these new cinematic creations. Beyond the name change, the film's submarine has a more traditionally conventional design similar to the first nuclear-powered submarine, the Nautilus, rather than the more streamlined, teardrop-shaped vessel, either the contemporaneous Skipjack or Permit design, that was described in the novel.

Unlike the novel, the film show little overt Soviet interest in recovering the lost spy satellite other than a spy ship disguised as a fishing trawler waiting outside Holy Loch when the Tigerfish sets sail. The novel's climax of a fire onboard the submarine is substituted with the nearly fatal flooding of the forward torpedo room prior to the film's intermission. The film's new climax involves a superpower confrontation between Soviet paratroopers and the American marines at Ice Station Zebra istelf, but concludes on a much more ambiguously note than the novel, reflecting the perceived thaw in the Cold War following the Cuban Missile Crisis.

------------------UNQUOTE.
Please refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Station_Zebra_(novel)
for more details.