Apparently that sort of thing happened a lot in medieval courts, where there was a king or lord who employed a lot of knights, and the knights were either unmarried or their wives were back home running the estate. The whole "Courtly Love" thing that became fashionable in the 12th century was an acknowledgement that it was normal for a lonely knight to develop feelings for a married noblewoman (almost all the women at a court would be married), and the Courtly Love thing has been explained as an attempt to guide the actions of lonely knights and unhappy wives who were attracted to each other. Apparently adultery, elopement, and even rape were common enough that something had to be done, other than retelling how the love of Lancelot and Guinevere brought ruin unto England (apparently Arthurian legends were big in the 12th century).
Because yes, even then, people knew that marriage without love led to love without marriage, and all that could be done about that was to keep the social penalties for adultery so high that at least some people would refrain. Although it could be said that in this version of the story, the "sin" that really brought Camelot crashing down was Arthur's unwitting fling with his half-sister, the one that produced Mordred. Mordred is the real baddie here, in all versions of the story I've read the relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere is portrayed as sympathetic, but it meant a political weakness for Arthur, that Mordred was able to exploit.
I can't imagine what life was like for people who were stuck in those arranged marriages. I suppose some came to really love each other, and many were like like Arthur and Gwen, fond enough of each other and good life partners... as long as neither lost their head or other organs over someone else. But these marriages were considered their duty, to their family and government, and well. Mixing political duty with family life usually ruins the family life.
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