Why did komarovsky want so badly to help zhivago and lara?
Komarovsky did not want to help Zhivago particularly, he wanted Lara. He was obsessed with Lara from the get-go -- it wan't love, nor even simply lust, it was obsession. He was in a position to offer to get both of them safely to Mongolia; he probably knew that Zhivago would not actually go, but both of them realized Lara had to think he was going until the last minute. If Yuri had surprised him by accepting the offer, he could have found some way to get rid of him later, most likely by turning him in to CHEKA agents.
why was pasha fighting so passionately against the germans (or, against the german upper class)?
The movie gives us some clues. Pasha is initially presented as a young idealist and patriot; not always a realistic one -- remember his comment, "After the Revolution, people will be different." Ha! That was a very naive remark. The voice-over by Yevgraf later talks of people volunteering for the war, and says it's only those who are unhappy with their lives who volunteer; the camera cuts to a shot of Pasha enlisting and bidding farewell to Lara and his baby daughter. Pasha apparently found his quiet life in the Urals insufficiently challenging. He needed to be where the action was.
The Bolsheviks were opposed to the war, but Pasha at that time was not a Bolshevik, but one of the other pro-revolutionaries, possibly a follower of Kerensky (who led the provisional government after the abdication of the Tsar); Kerensky and his party were committed to the war in order to protect the sovereignty of Russia.
The war turned out to be the catalyst for the revolution, and Lenin's exploitation of the situation enabled the Bolsheviks to come to power by signing a peace treaty with Germany.
After the war, Pasha stays in the army (the war with Germany is over, but civil war is ongoing). He is still committed to seeing the Revolution succeed. In one way, his statement, "People will be different after the revolution" is true: he himself was profoundly changed. Human nature however was not.
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