Is there an actual quote from Welles saying "there are no symbols" in The Trial? If so, he was yankin our cranks (as he's been known to do at every opportunity). I watched his interview about filming The Trial, and at one point he says that he hated the accidental mushroom cloud at the end and shot it 4 or 5 times before giving up & conceding that it would be interpreted as a symbol. But I think he was talking more about avoiding the childishly obvious symbols, rather than avoiding the use of symbols at all.
Like you said, humans perceive the world through symbols. We cannot avoid it, and certainly artists (who communicate through the medium of symbols) can't avoid it. Otherwise the world would be full of nothing but tour guides pointing at various points of interest.
I saw tons of symbolic things in the movie. The computer, which Welles added to the story, is an enormous, thoughtless & unforgiving machine whose many intricate parts are constantly spinning & churning to what end nobody really knows. Situated right above the enormous sweatshop where bank employees are clicking away on their typewriters doing god knows what, and relating to the whole story about a lone schlep being ground up by the apathetic machine of human justice, I think it's fair to say the computer is pretty fricken symbolic.
Another great one, which again Welles changed from the book, is the the lawyer's apartment. In the book it's cramped, tiny & claustrophobic, but Welles made it enormous, labyrinthine, with dusty files & books spilling endlessly, and full of mirrors. Is it a stretch to imagine that this is symbolic of the infinite convoluted workings of the legal system & those who live by its dictates?
Someone else in this thread mentioned the exaggerated doors. Definitely I agree there's a powerful symbol.
Tons more, practically every scene has a resounding symbol in it. If he said there were no symbols, Orson, that crazy prankster, was definitely having a laugh at the audience's expense!
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