Who are the Black Musicians?

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I don't know who they were, but I do know that all the music in the Fellini segment was composed by Nino Rota and recorded in the studio by studio musicians. Fellini never recorded live sound as he was filming; all sound - including dialog and music, even music shown as being played on film - was added later in the studio.

Everything in Fellini movies was dubbed, and speaking voices in Fellini movies were often not recorded by the same actors who are shown saying the lines in the movies. Fellini was famous for continuing to film without sound long after other Italian directors joined the rest of the world in recording live sound along with the film.

If any of the black men in the movie were actually playing the music we hear, it was a coincidence. They would have to have been among the studio musicians Rota used for recording the score, which is unlikely since they seem to be Americans.

So the black musicians are delightful and a lot of fun to watch, but it's not their music we hear.