MovieChat Forums > One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) Discussion > It probably saved Disney's animation stu...

It probably saved Disney's animation studio


From an article who talks about the movie:

"According to Disney animator Andreas Deja, without "101 Dalmatians," we might never have had "The Little Mermaid," "The Lion King," or any of the other modern Disney classics. We asked Andreas to tell us the story of how "101 Dalmatians" changed the face of animation – and kept it alive at The Walt Disney Studios for the generations to come. Here is what he told us:

"101 Dalmatians" saved the animation department in 1961 when it came out, and that's the truth. A book called "The Art of Animation," by Bob Thomas, came out in 1959 to promote the release of "Sleeping Beauty," and there's a picture in the book with Walt and Eric Larson, one of the nine old men, standing in one of the wings of the animation department, looking at cell setups. After Eric Larson hired me in the early '80s, one of the questions I had for him was "Do you recall what you and Walt were talking about when this picture was taken?" And Eric said, "We were talking about closing down the Studio, because these things have gotten too expensive." "Sleeping Beauty" cost, I think, about six million dollars to make, which was unheard of in those days, and they really had to either close down or come up with some way to make animation cheaper so it would be profitable again.

So, when it came to "101 Dalmatians" the technical wizard, Ub Iwerks, who had been Walt's first real business partner way back in Kansas, got together with art director Ken Anderson. They thought of an idea that would eliminate a very expensive process in animated films – inking, drawing over the pencil outlines on the cells, which would then be painted on the back. This was a very time-consuming process. It made a beautiful image, because it had that delicate soft edge, but Ub said "What if we don't do that – if we take the pencil drawings and just Xerox them on the cells, and then paint them."

It saved a lot of money in creating "101 Dalmatians." And because the movie was such a hit, it saved the animation department.

Walt Disney liked the movie itself – he was very impressed with Bill Peet's story treatment. But when Walt saw the first dailies of what the scenes looked like, he was not only disappointed, but kind of shocked. He had no idea they were going that loose and sketchy with it. He told Ken Anderson he was not crazy about it, and for the next film they should rethink the style and do something else.

But the reviews were glowing. Even critics of previous Disney films, who had said that Walt Disney was just doing the same thing over and over again, had to realize that this picture was fresh and contemporary."




So, the movie saved the studio for two reasons; the xerox process made it cheap enough to allow it to be made, and the financial success made it possible for the studio to continue after its release. Without xerox, and if it had flopped, the animation department would most likely have closed its doors. If it had ever opened again, is hard to say. Espcially since Walt Disney himself died just five years later, and the old Disney generation was gradually retiring the years after that.
And if One Hundred and One Dalmatians had been the last one, would people like John Lasseter, Brad Bird and Tim Burton and others ever decide that they would become animators as adults?
Without a Disney studio, who would have given Pixar enough financial support to make Toy Story, in a time when Pixar itself almost had to close their doors?

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Thanks for posting this Askur. It`s amazing and shocking to think that without the money saving and money making success of 101 Dalmatians Disney animation would most likely have closed
I couldn`t imagine a world without all the Disney movie that come after this. Plus, as you mentioned Pixar probably wouldn`t be around either. Disney animation closing back then would have started a disasterous domino effect robbing us of so many great films.


I love bringing guns to a knife fight

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Yeah, those were hard days for animation. And it would become even worse. One by one did the studios from the golden age close, the last one who did so was Walter Lantz Studio in 1972. By then, Disney was the only survivor. The animated shorts were as good as gone, so three or four features in decade was all the kept it floating those years.

This is what Floyd Norman says happened after One Hundred and One Dalmatians (not to wonder that the studio would have died had the movie not been a success):

"Let's go back to the nineteen sixties with the completion of the feature film, "One Hundred and One Dalmatians." Disney's animation department had already suffered a severe downsizing after "Sleeping Beauty." But now animation was informed it would have to tighten its belt even more.

That meant even longtime Disney animators would be given their walking papers. A painful situation to be sure, but some animators took the bad news in stride. One such was animator Don Lusk. Don, a twenty-year veteran, showed a sense of humor when informed he was being terminated. Standing before his boss, Don replied: "But I was under the impression this job was supposed to be steady."

I confess I felt guilty seeing many Disney veterans leaving the company. Lowly assistants like myself were spared the ax because we earned considerably less money and could be put to work assisting other artists.

In many ways it felt like the end of another era at the Mouse House. Many gifted animators had already moved on, and now even our director, Nick Nichols would be saying goodbye to Disney where he had worked since the forties."


http://jimhillmedia.com/Columnists/b/floyd_norman/archive/2006/08/15/5 021.aspx

Without Disney, it is possible that most of the animation today would be independent movies and Saturday morning cartoons. The first really ambitious feature that came out after all this time, was The Secret of NIMH (1982), made by Don Bluth and other animators who hade been trained by not other than Disney. And not only Pixar, but even DreamWorks Animation and Blue Sky Studios exists for the same reasons. As you know, Katzenberg left Disney Animation and created what would become DreamWorks Animation, and what would become known as Blue Sky Studios was created when Disney was working with the movie Tron (a movie no others in the movie business seemed interesting in).

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The same happen with Cinderella 10 years earlier and again with The Little Mermaid at 89.

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If not this film, it would have to be "The Jungle Book" as well, since many at the studio were doubting continuing on after Walt Disney's passing.

Must-See 2011 Films:
Deathly Hallows: Part II
POTC: On Stranger Tides

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And if One Hundred and One Dalmatians had been the last one, would people like John Lasseter, Brad Bird and Tim Burton and others ever decide that they would become animators as adults?
Cinema would have been no worse off.

-
"Look. There's a rhythmic ceremonial ritual coming up."
-Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown

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A similar article:

http://wdfmuseum.squarespace.com/posts/2011/2/18/spotsspotsspots.html

"Before moving over to WED Imagineering, Disney Legend Rolly Crump worked on the “Spots” team. This group of assistant animators was responsible for keeping the spots in the same place from scene to scene. They accomplished this difficult task by creating a “key spot” and making sure that the surrounding spots always followed the key spot. Don, Floyd, and Andreas all agreed that 101 Dalmatians would not have been possible without the creation of the Xerox© process.

Roy Disney was concerned with the rising cost of creating an animated feature film. Floyd recalled how the film Sleeping Beauty had been extremely labor intensive and comprised of a crew of six hundred and took five years to complete.

Don Iwerks told the story of Roy having lunch with his father, Ub Iwerks, one afternoon. Roy explained that the Studio could no longer afford to create the thing they were built on, traditional animated films. Roy asked Ub if he could think of any way to bring down the cost of producing that animation. Ub analyzed the animation production process and realized that he could streamline the ink and paint processes.

With Roy's permission, Ub purchased a new desktop copier from Xerox and tested copying ink onto cells. He secretly created a test film using the copied cells and screened it privately for Walt. Afterwards, Ub explained to Walt that the test film he had just seen had been Xeroxed, not hand inked. Walt knew that Roy had been looking for cost-saving measures and gave Ub the go ahead by saying, “Why don’t you look into it.” Ub worked with Xerox engineers to expand the desktop machine into a process that spanned three rooms. Don explained this Xerox process to the Museum guests in detail, using schematics and photos of the actual Xerox process rooms at the Walt Disney Studios.


While the Disney Animators were extremely pleased with the new sketchy look of 101 Dalmatians, Walt was not. This was the first time the Animators had seen their own lines up on the big screen. They felt like there was no drop in the quality of the drawings, because previously their lines had been traced and inked several times before the final images were filmed. Walt was shocked by the sketchy look of 101 Dalmatians. He felt like his Animators went from the beautiful painting-like perfection of Sleeping Beauty to a rough sketchbook look in 101 Dalmatians.


Diane Disney Miller commented, “Dad told Ken Anderson that he set animation back with the sketchy look, but never complained about the film at home. He just had to get used to it.” In the end, the Xerox process not only helped to save the Animation Department at the Walt Disney Studios but it also became the industry standard for other smaller animation studios."


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What I would really like to see, is the test film Ub Iwerks made for Walt Disney to convince him to go for the Xerox process.

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