Maybe I can help. First, let’s cut to the chase taking things more or less in order. The film released in 1961 was actually based on a play written a few years earlier by dramatist Abby Mann and first aired on the television program Playhouse 90 in April, 1959, some two and one-half years before the film premiered. As you may suspect, there were a few differences between the two versions – the most notable of which you’ve hit upon straightaway. The character of Madame Bertholt (beautifully portrayed by Marlene Dietrich on film) was cooked up for the film, didn’t exist at all in Mann’s original play.
You’re quite right about Marlene Dietrich, but in this instance she’s merely an actress playing a role.
The answer to your broader question concerning how long the prison terms lasted can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judges%27_Trial#Defendants
As you look through the list you may not see any familiar names at first, but the character of Emil Hahn in the film (portrayed by Werner Klemperer) was directly based on Oswald Rothaug.
Another piece of the puzzle: Rothaug had presided over a racial purity case not unlike that of the “Feldenstein Case.” The biggest difference there is that the “Irene Hoffman” character had a fully-grown adult defendant counterpart, Irene Seiler. She was right around 30 years old in the early years of the war, and has actually been dead now not far from 32 years.
They did a decent job at encapsulating the charges and such in the film, but the true story you can find here amongst other places. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007908
In a nutshell it's fair to say that while the film did take some liberties they were relatively few and don't take away from the overall impact. But that's just my own opinion.
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