The Woman Who Stabbed Marion Crane
SPOILERS for The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (and Psycho, of course)
Its winter so I've been catching up on some old favorites on cable and elsewhere.
I was watching "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" the other night. Its a favorite of sorts -- the only "long pairing" of John Wayne and James Stewart together, for John Ford, with Lee Marvin playing as mean and evil a bad buy as ever walked the West.
Its from 1962 from Paramount, in black and white and it co-stars Vera Miles, so a few echoes of Psycho are certainly there, but it is much more a John Ford thing -- with a few of his 40's players(Andy Devine, John Carradine) mixed in with some "newbies"(Edmond O'Brien as a drunken frontier newspaperman and Ken Murray as a frontier doctor.)
The story is famous and tragic and fairly excruciating. John Wayne loves Vera Miles. James Stewart loves Vera Miles. Baddie Lee Marvin(as Liberty Valance) is out to kill weakling crusading lawyer-politician Stewart in a gunfight that Stewart can't possibly win. But Stewart DOES win -- he's the Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. He wins Vera Miles in marriage. Wayne burns down the house he was building for Vera and plummets into a life of lonlieness and failure and despair.
At the end, we find out that John Wayne is REALLY the man who shot Liberty Valance. He willingly sacrificed everything by killing the bad man who would have surely killed James Stewart and freed Vera Miles for Wayne's hand.
And James Stewart knows that Wayne is the real man who shot Liberty Valance, too. So he knows his rapid political ascent to US Senatorhood is based on a lie.
Everybody hurts in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Its a painful movie about The Truth. When Stewart tries to tell a modern-day reporter who really shot Valance, he gets a famous answer: "This is the West. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend."
Watching Valance the other night, something hit me that hadn't hit me before.
In the scene where James Stewart and Lee Marvin have their showdown -- with Marvin winging Stewart easily en route to shooting him "right between the eyes" -- Stewart shoots and kills Marvin, and Stewart then goes into the chow hall for comfort and medical help from Vera Miles.
A few minutes pass and...John Wayne appears. He's sorry he was too late to stop things, he says. He goes into a nearby saloon, clearly in a great deal of emotional pain, ready to drink hard and quickly beating up Marvin's two henchmen. He drinks hard and then leaves for home in a drunken, sad fury.
And I've always wondered: did 1962 audiences put two and two together quickly and realize that John Wayne was really the man who shot Liberty Valance? A full half hour before it is revealed?
All the clues are there in how upset he is and how he beats up Valance's men, and in how he gets drunk. And it seems IMPOSSIBLE that James Stewart could have really bested Valance.
And yet -- we SAW James Stewart fire on Marvin. And it is entirely possible that Wayne is upset because he realizes that Stewart did kill Marvin, and so now Stewart WILL get Vera. Wayne having done the shooting for real isn't necessarily a foregone conclusion....
...and I was reminded of Psycho just then.
For BOTH Psycho AND Liberty Valance rely on "twist endings": Mother didn't stab Marion Crane; Norman did. James Stewart didn't shoot Liberty Valance; John Wayne did.
And with BOTH Psycho and Liberty Valance the issue is: "Did the audience figure out the twist early?"
The set up is rather similar. We SEE Mother kill Marion. Within a minute, Norman has run down the hill to "discover the crime." We SEE Stewart shoot Marvin. Within a few minutes, John Wayne has arrived to discover this has happened.
Since I never saw either Psycho or Liberty Valance with any chance to be fooled (I knew the twist in advance) my guess is this: audiences largely did NOT realize that Norman killed Marion in the shower; audiences largely DID realize that Wayne shot Liberty Valance.
Its a matter of logic: Hitchcock hides the evidence about Mother pretty well: films her in shadow, gives her a woman's voice. Ford doesn't hide the evidence about Wayne very well. He shows up so quickly after Valance goes down that one starts realizing: Wayne may have been there all along.
This is just one of those musings that I, as a Psycho fan, sometimes conjure. But it cannot be denied that both Psycho and Liberty Valance rely on "twist endings" and the twist is very much about the issue of "who REALLY committed the killing?"
Oh, and one other thing that I always have to mention when discussing Liberty Valance and Psycho: all these film writers say Hitchcock wanted to surprise audiences by killing Janet Leigh in the shower. But his 1960 trailer is ultimately about how in his new movie, a woman gets killed in a shower.
"When the legend becomes fact, print the legend."