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Coppola's "Godfather Adaptation Notebooks" and Psycho


I've gotten a book called "The Godfather Notebooks," and I'm very educated/entertained by it.

Its a "mix and match" of the materials that Francis Coppola produced to write the script for The Godfather from the 1969 novel by Mario Puzo.

We see the typewritten treatment pages (done even for a multi-million blockbuster on an old typewriter with skipping keys), and some hand-written pages, but BEST of all:

Coppola reproduces pages from Puzo's novel upon which Coppola hand-wrote notes and lines and "Xs" to adapt the book into a great movie.

Its fascinating.

To adapt the book, Coppola wrote down something about EVERY PAGE, starting with plot points ("Don meets with Sollozzo to discuss narcotics contract") and then picking what's good(the scene where Tessio asks Tom Hagen to be forgiven for betraying Michael -- "Can you get me off the hook for old time's sake?" -- Coppola writes a big "This is GOOD!" next to that passage. Or picking what's not good -- or necessary. Three pages of background on a crooked cop named Neri get great big "X"s through the entire pages -- the material never made it into the movie.

Most amusing: the infamous page 28 where Sonny's sexual encounter with bridesmaid Lucy goes on for three lurid paragraphs. All Coppola writes on that page is "Hagen tells Sonny the Don is looking for him." Ha.

But several times the notes on these pages of the book have one key word: Hitchcock. Or "how would Hitchcock design this?"

And then, when we reach the pages where the Godfather is first shot(but not fatally) while buying fruit, we get...

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..we get this note across the top of the page:

"THE SHOOTING: Great detail. The Don is the main character of the movie, so, as in Psycho, we are totally thrown when he is shot."

You know, I showed The Godfather to a young relative a year or so ago for her first time, and she WAS shocked when Don Vito got shot at the fruit market. "Wait! Brando is only in the movie this long? He gets KILLED? " I told her to hang in and keep watching, but the truth of the matter is, to her, it WAS a shocker.

And I've never thought much about the Psycho connection. But COPPOLA did.

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A nice "touch" that runs through The Godfather Notebooks is how Coppola would break down every main sequence into a typewritten page of two with these "contours":

SYNOPSIS
THE TIMES
TONE AND IMAGERY
THE CORE
PITFALLS

So for instance , when Sollozo tells Tom Hagen to get in the car ("Don't worry. If I wanted to kill you, you'd be dead already") we get

TONE AND IMAGERY

How does he tie his tie? What are the Christmas presents?

THE CORE

Sollozo picks up Hagen.

PITFALLS

Failing to get to the point: the kidnapping of Hagen.

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I love how Coppola writes up the "pitfalls" of the scene where Michael shoots Sollozzo and Captain McClusky in the Italian restaurant:

PITFALLS

Rushing this scene would ruin it. Otherwise, this scene can't be ruined.

...so Coppola knew when Mario Puzo gave him gold.

Indeed, as I re-read so many pages from Puzo's novel here, I realized how much Puzo DID give Coppola. The scenes, the dialogue ("Can you let me off the hook -- for old time's sake")...the characterizations.

I had misremembered Puzo's novel as a sleazy sex scene fest, and it turns out that much of what is in the movie IS in the book.

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"On topic," I have read that Hitchcock ALWAYS required somebody -- his screenwriter or another staffer -- to write a "chapter by chapter" breakdown of the books Hitch bought for films.

So we can figure that Vertigo(which required a translation first), Psycho, Marnie, Topaz, and Frenzy all got such workovers(to name a few of Hitchcock's late films that weren't originals or from a short story.)

The movie of Psycho famously matches the book "chapter by chapter" from when Marion reaches the Bates Motel(Chapter Three); the film of Frenzy famously excised SEVERAL CHAPTERS about the trial of Richard Blaney(turning it into a one-minute scene of his sentencing in the film.) The movie of Marnie turned a male rival of Mark for Marnie into a female rival of Marnie for Mark; and eliminated a psychiatrist character and gave his analytical dialogue to Mark.

So I guess the adaptation of books into film had certain structures which Coppola simply incorporated into his work.

But to SEE his notes on the book pages of The Godfather is to see a writer-director figuring out exactly what works in the book, what can be excised, what can be changed.

Its quite a book.

PS. Youtube has a recent "reunion of the Godfather cast and Coppola" which is a fun watch just to see them all on stage together, all older: Coppola, Pacino, Caan, Duvall, Keaton and...way over on the other side of the stage(because he was only in II), DeNiro. Frankly, only Coppola is truly articulate and insightful about the nuts and bolts of the making of the film but..well, its pretty heartwarming to see everybody but the late great Brando and John Cazale on the stage. Moderated by Taylor Hackford, a film director who is married (quite luckily) to the sexy septagenarian Helen Mirren.

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I hope everyone is having a fun July 4th holiday weekend. Well, here in the US...I'm not sure if its celebrated elsewhere...but have a fun long weekend anyway...

Psycho was playing on the Fourth of July in 1960...but on the East Coast of the US only. It didn't get a Flyover country/West Coast release until August 10. That's a long time to keep a twist ending secret!

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The Godfather Notebooks sound very interesting, and invaluable really for Godfather scholars and superfans.

Esp. interesting for us here that Coppola occasionally frames himself as learning lessons from Hitchcock. I dare say that more writers-and-directors should think in such ways - they'd make better movies! Of course, like everyone else, Hitchcock has his limits, and there are plenty of good lessons to be learned from other directors that you can't get from Hitch. (I'd keep an eye out in Coppola's notebooks for when he sees himself as learning lessons from Visconti and Bertolucci's The Conformist in particular.) But if you're making a commercial thriller then Hitchcock had better loom large.

Somewhat relatedly, a new-to-me half-hour interview with Hitchcock from the mid '70s popped up in youtube recently:
https://youtu.be/xoiS1b5alDw
The interview is in two halves. The first half with a French (?) woman isn't very interesting, but the second with an English (?) guy is quite good: he asks good questions, Hitch gets on well with him, relaxes, etc.. At one point the guy (who teaches at a film school) says that his students first year films tend to be imitation-Ingmar-Bergman pieces but their second year projects tend to be imitation-Hitchcocks. Hitch looks very pleased to hear this!

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The Godfather Notebooks sound very interesting, and invaluable really for Godfather scholars and superfans.

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I think so. One hears about the preparation involved in adapting a novel into a screenplay into a movie; here is an opportunity to see how Coppola -- really as an Oscar-winning screenwriter(for Patton) more than as a director -- reshaped Puzo's novel so that the movie avoided being a Harold Robbins-style sex potboiler.

There was a fairly bad book with some interesting aspects of a decade or so ago called "Hitchcock's Notebooks" which showed Hitchcock's similarly meticulous preparation of scripts and novel adaptations. Unlike with the Coppola tome, Hitchcock isn't visible as the "sole auteur" of his screenplays in Hitchcock's Notebooks, but the books have similar material(marked up pages, treatments, etc), as well as similar titles "BLANK Notebooks..."

One critic wrote of "Hitchcock's Notebooks" : "Its as if the editor of the book(Dan Aulier) opened the drawers of Hitchcock's cabinets and dumped everything on the floor." In short, the book was terribly disorganized...

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Esp. interesting for us here that Coppola occasionally frames himself as learning lessons from Hitchcock. I dare say that more writers-and-directors should think in such ways - they'd make better movies!

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In reading the notes, it seems that Hitchcock looms large in the suspense-murder sequences(the horse's head, the Godfather's near-fatal shooting, and of course the big Sollozo/Captain McClusky killing in the restaraurant.)

As I noted, I hadn't really thought before of the early shooting of Brando as being Marion Crane-like...but really it is.

A shock in seeing the shooting and then... Don Vito remains in the movie but in very reduced physical state. The other Mafia families are just waiting for Don Vito to die so they can roust Sonny and Michael and "the kids," and THAT becomes the suspense mechanism of the rest of the film. Sonny is "get-able," but Michael is not.

This is why some critics felt that Brando should have been nominated for Best Supporting Actor and Pacino for Best Actor...but I disagree. Brando's Don Vito dominates the first third of the film and then becomes the "father figure" for everybody after he is shot. Then, like Marion Crane, after he dies(ironically, in his garden with his grandson), Vito haunts the duration of the movie.

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Of course, like everyone else, Hitchcock has his limits, and there are plenty of good lessons to be learned from other directors that you can't get from Hitch. (I'd keep an eye out in Coppola's notebooks for when he sees himself as learning lessons from Visconti and Bertolucci's The Conformist in particular.)

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I don't recall any "notes in the margins" from Coppola with "Visconti" listed, but Coppola in various interviews spoke of how he was very influenced by European filmmakers and he likely brought that sensibility("Visconti") to bear when he was directing The Godfather as much as when he was adapting the screenplay.

Its perhaps in the cinematography, and in the interweave of business politics and family politics, that Coppola shows the European influence. He would show it even more in "The Conversation," which his then business-partner William Friedkin groused about: "Francis said this would be a Hitchcock thriller, but it was clearly a European art film!" Well a little of both, you ask me.

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But if you're making a commercial thriller then Hitchcock had better loom large.

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Which reminds us, yet again, that The Godfather is perhaps more a thriller(and a "shock thriller" in the Psycho tradition) than a drama or a historical epic.

1972 saw the coming of some Film School Grads to Hollywood. Bogdanovich made "What's Up Doc?"(a semi-remake of Hawks' Bringing Up Baby), and Coppola gave us the Hitchcockian Godfather . As for Hitchcock himself, he brought us Frenzy in 1972 and rather rode the "Film School/Old Hollywood Nostalgia" wave for himself. Had Hitchcock worked in 1977 amongst Star Wars and Close Encounters, he likely would have seemed passe.

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Somewhat relatedly, a new-to-me half-hour interview with Hitchcock from the mid '70s popped up in youtube recently:
https://youtu.be/xoiS1b5alDw

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I'll take a look. Thank you!

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The interview is in two halves. The first half with a French (?) woman isn't very interesting, but the second with an English (?) guy is quite good: he asks good questions, Hitch gets on well with him, relaxes, etc..

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I've been interested to see Hitchcock do interviews with a command of German and French. Also Anthony Perkins doing one in French. These guys had a little more going on than the average film person.

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At one point the guy (who teaches at a film school) says that his students first year films tend to be imitation-Ingmar-Bergman pieces but their second year projects tend to be imitation-Hitchcocks. Hitch looks very pleased to hear this!

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Camille Paglia, a rather self-styled Hitchcock expert, has written that when she taught film classes from the 70's on, she was surprised to see students gradually eschewing Bergman(or wanting to make Bergman-like films) and moving much more wholeheartedly to liking Hitchcocks films(to watch) and to emulate(with new touches) in their own films. Paglia said she never expected film studies to take this curve. Hitchcock was attacked a whole lot in the Bergman era for the "fakeness" of his work; but turns out that fakeness was cool -- and there were Bergman-esuqe themes running through that fake work, too.)

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