I read an internet interview with John Waters recently -- I can't remember where, I surf all over the place -- and he was talking about playing William Castle in "Feud." And he tossed out a throwaway line of some impact to me:
"Hitchcock's career was in trouble and he saved it by ripping off William Castle by making Psycho."
That's a paraphrase, but its the gist of it. And the line gave me pause and caused me to think about Waters' contention.
Hitchcock's career was in trouble? Why he had just made one of his biggest, best-reviewed and certainly starriest hits...North by Northwest. And his TV show was top-rated. And he had a Mystery Magazine, books, and records in his name. I'd say Hitch was riding pretty high.
But wait a moment.
Take North by Northwest out of the equation for a moment, and the two films before it were The Wrong Man('56) and Vertigo('58) in that order. Middling box office at best for each of them, and Vertigo got bad reviews like "the question isn't so much whodunit as who cares?" "Another Hitchcock-and-bull story" and "an asinine bore"(that one was from Stanley Kauffman, who hated Vertigo, North by Northwest and Psycho in equal measure, so maybe he doesn't count.)
To some extent, Hitchcock saved a "career in trouble"(at the movies at least) by ripping HIMSELF off and making the great wrong man spy chase romantic comedy adventure thriller North by Northwest.
But -- as suggested by the Anthony Hopkins film "Hitchocck" of 2012 -- perhaps not even North by Northwest was enough for Hitchcock to ditch an aura of being "old fashioned" and "past his prime years as a hitmaker."
What "Psycho" got Hitchcock was... a sudden epic blockbuster relevance. Psycho was THE event movie of 1960, and seems to have been the Number One(on some polls) or Number Two(on others) earner of the year. I don't think Hitchcock had ever before had the Number One box office attraction of the year.
"Psycho" also got Hitchcock a much younger audience than he'd been had in recent years. The kids and teenagers who were flocking to William Castle and Roger Corman horror flicks came flocking to Psycho -- often seeing it more than once -- and were ADDED to the older adult crowd of Hitchcock fans who were evidently non-plussed by this blunt, bloody shocker from the man who had brought them "To Catch A Thief."
It would take some time to truly manifest itself, but Psycho also put Hitchocck back on the map as an innovator in all facets of film: cinematic prowess, worldwide showmanship, and crucially , the ability to beat the censors and shock the world.
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So maybe, kinda sorta, John Waters was right. There is even this: even in his "best decade"(the fifties), Hitchcock's movies were rather ignored by Oscar. Most fifties Hitchcock films turned profits, but Oscar's eyes turned elsewhere: to Mank(All About Eve), to Kazan(On the Waterfront), to Lean(River Kwai), to Minelli(Gigi), to Wyler(Ben Hur.)
Well, Psycho at least got Hitchcock a Best Director nomination, and the first acting nomination in a Hitchocck since Claude Rains in 46: Janet Leigh.
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Truth be told, I don't think John Waters fully thought through his statement about Hitchcock's career when Psycho came along, but it is certainly "food for thought." And of course, Hitchcock barely got to hold on to the "Psycho boost" -- The Birds was a big deal with plenty of its own horror and more set-pieces, but it wasn't scary enough and it was too much "out for Oscar" itself. Thereafter, Hitchcock voluntarily dropped out of the youth market and made "sober" films like Marnie, Torn Curtain, Topaz. And then Frenzy -- scary and psychotic and nothing close to William Castle.
I don't think that what Water's is quoted as saying is a million miles from what some of Hitchcock's peers and critics thought and said at the time.
I believe that achieving some sort of autonomy was on Hitchcock's mind at the time and thought "what can I get away with that people will flock to see out of morbid curiosity". The profitable nature of those kind of movies must have given him encouragement that it would be possible. It's easy to see how he could come by the requisite hubris to presume "If someone like me was top make such a film...."
He knew he wasn't attempting to emulate any of the success or esteem of his pictures made immediately prior and made sure that the audience was not given the impression that he was either.
You could call that managing expectations along the lines of an exploitation type film. But if you make a comparison with, say, Rear Window, they both fall in to the murder mystery/thriller genre. But they are so dissimilar in certain ways that you might put Psycho in the exploitation film genre, while Rear Window is somehow considered respectable, mainstream.
I believe that achieving some sort of autonomy was on Hitchcock's mind at the time and thought "what can I get away with that people will flock to see out of morbid curiosity". The profitable nature of those kind of movies must have given him encouragement that it would be possible. It's easy to see how he could come by the requisite hubris to presume "If someone like me was top make such a film...."
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One of the great pleasures of studying Hitchcock is to try to get a sense of the man's "inner tickings." And Psycho seems to be something he pursued almost as a lark -- but a calculated lark. Those horror movies were making big profits on small budgets. That appealed to Hitch. But so did their scare tactics.
The one thing I read all the time about Psycho is how Hitchcock INDEED had some hubris and ego attached to his plan: "What if a truly GREAT director made a truly GREAT horror movie" out of this kind of material? He DID have that confidence in himself.
We know he screened all sorts of movies in his screening room(other directors did not, and thus missed trends.) We can be sure that as much as he admired "House on Haunted Hill" for its spooky fun, he could see: the script was TERRIBLE. The dialogue, the bonehead plotting, the screaming of the heroine, non-stop.
To make a great horror movie of this type, the key was: a great script. That's where Bloch's novel(as a scaffolding) came in(the dialogue, not so much.)And Joe Stefano for dialogue. And Hitchcock AND Stefano to properly re-structure the script for maximum intelligence and impact.
He knew he wasn't attempting to emulate any of the success or esteem of his pictures made immediately prior and made sure that the audience was not given the impression that he was either.
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He had already used his on-screen opening scene in "The Wrong Man" to forthrightly tell his audience THAT one wouldn't be "a typical Hitchocck picture." With "Psycho" he did the same thing more playfully: By "playing" William Castle(with a bit of his TV persona thrown in) in the famous tour guide trailer for "Psycho."
An assistant film editor on Psycho said of Hitchcock's assistant Peggy Robertson(whom he didn't like) saying as Psycho was in post-production: "She said, oh Psycho is just a quick filler between his big movies." Said the film editor: "What did she know?" Not much, but she must have felt it WAS filler. And some critics thought so , too. I read many reviews along the lines of "Hitchcock is beneath his talents making this kind of B movie." But he didn't make Psycho for critics.
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You could call that managing expectations along the lines of an exploitation type film.
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The Tour Guide trailer. "No one...but NO ONE will be admitted to Psycho after it begins." All the print ads and cut-outs of Hitchcock looking at a watch...and the Hitchcock lines IN the trailer: "All cleaned up now. You should have seen the BLOOD."
But if you make a comparison with, say, Rear Window, they both fall in to the murder mystery/thriller genre. But they are so dissimilar in certain ways that you might put Psycho in the exploitation film genre, while Rear Window is somehow considered respectable, mainstream.
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Great point. I believe that Rear Window "chases" Psycho as Hitchcock's biggest hit, and I've always figured that the central murder in Rear Window -- with all those imaginings of body parts in Thorwald's suitcases, hat boxes and flower gardens -- may have made Rear Window the "Psycho" of 1954. (They even discuss his cutting up the body in the bathtub!) But Rear Window had that mushy Stewart/Kelly kissing romance, other love stories, Technicolor, Thelma Ritter wisecracks...it was far safer than Psycho to handle.
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In any event, John Waters' comment certainly gave us some food for thought. If Hitchcock's career was in trouble around 1959, its hard to find any BETTER period, really. I would expect Waters got a bit mixed up in his thinking. And yet, the evidence is there that American critics and Hollywood insiders were rather taking Hitchcock for granted in 1959. They didn't know how great The Wrong Man and Vertigo were. And they needed the jolt of "Psycho" to show them how the cinema could be.
The 60's obliged the promise of Psycho, by the way. Psycho led the way to Cape Fear and Baby Jane and The Manchurian Candidate (and even Charade with its violent murders.) And eventually Bonnie and Clyde and The Wild Bunch took everything up higher, violence-wise.
The Hitchcock of Psycho "connects" with those filmmakers. The Hitchocck of "To Catch a Thief" does not.
So maybe Hitchcock wasn't in trouble...but he was ready to MAKE trouble.
Interesting if you think about it, the murder and cleaning up in Rear Window is much grislier than that in Psycho, except all the gore is kept off screen.
Like the Thelma Ritter character, audiences in the mid 50s would "want no part of it".
Interesting if you think about it, the murder and cleaning up in Rear Window is much grislier than that in Psycho, except all the gore is kept off screen.
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Exactly. Hitchcock was pretty famous for "getting around the censors"(or for getting the censors to allow him things other directors weren't allowed) and here is a film in which the imagination is given some very horrible things to conjure with -- indeed, much worse in the body disposal department than of the victims in Psycho. Dismemberment to the point where body parts could be carried out in a suitcase. A severed head dug up from a flower garden and moved(dirt in the bloody hair and all, I'd expect) to a hat box in the killer's bedroom...
Which is why I think Rear Window was such a big hit. Yes, there was romance. Yes, there was comedy. Yes there was suspense. Yes, there was cinema on a massive scale.
But there was also...ultra-gore. Of the mind.
We keep trying to understand how Thorwald could DO that...
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Like the Thelma Ritter character, audiences in the mid 50s would "want no part of it".
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Great wit. Somewhere -- maybe on the website "Hitchcock and his Writers" , we see variations on Thelma's final line BEFORE Hitch settled on that one. The best one.
But -- as suggested by the Anthony Hopkins film "Hitchocck" of 2012 -- perhaps not even North by Northwest was enough for Hitchcock to ditch an aura of being "old fashioned" and "past his prime years as a hitmaker."
I found Hitchcock (2012)'s suggestion that Hitch was desperate for a hit/relevance in 1959 completely risible. I fear that Waters' remark may reflect the contagiousness of this silly idea/misinformation.
NbNW was a big hit (but had been expensive). Vertigo wasn't a bomb (but a disappointed Hitch had put a lot of energy into it), rather it did a little bit better than break even (from rentals or assuming Studio keeps half the gross) from the US+Canada alone, so all the money made overseas (esp. in Paris where The Wrong Man had also been huge) was profit. His TV show and publishing empire continued to make bank, and, partially making up for lacking Oscar love he's definitely at this point the only director-star since De Mille, the most famous, known by name and face, film director in the world. And in the late '50s Francophile Hitch sees serious critical interest (including first books) develop in France.
Psycho is a climactic moment for all sorts of reasons but that Hitch was in a needed-to-change, needed-a-hit funk beforehand isn't one of them.
Ecarle has long touted the idea of a multi-season series dramatizing Hitchcock's career. Hitch-at-a-loose-end, needing-a-hit would occur a few times in such a series, e.g., around 1950 and around 1970 especially. By way of contrast, 1959 as a low doesn't fly.
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I found Hitchcock (2012)'s suggestion that Hitch was desperate for a hit/relevance in 1959 completely risible.
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Yeah. I really shouldn't put much stock in "Hitchcock," what with the scene where Hitch shares Ed Gein murder scene photos at a cocktail party and how the movie says "Alma did everything."
Still, I really think the point of THAT movie was to suggest that even if he was successful in '59, Hitchcock felt that Diabolique had outshone his work in a new way(and he couldn't find Psycho to match it for several years) and that there was gold in them thar William Castle movies.
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I fear that Waters' remark may reflect the contagiousness of this silly idea/misinformation.
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Probably. I suppose I picked Waters remark to "start a thread." You know, some argumentation. I appreciate the comments we got.
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NbNW was a big hit (but had been expensive). Vertigo wasn't a bomb (but a disappointed Hitch had put a lot of energy into it), rather it did a little bit better than break even (from rentals or assuming Studio keeps half the gross) from the US+Canada alone, so all the money made overseas (esp. in Paris where The Wrong Man had also been huge) was profit.
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I didn't know that about The Wrong Man . I suppose also important here is that "away from the box office," the critical community "that counted"(the young ones, not Stanley Kauffmann or Bosley Crowther) saw Hitchcock delivering one masterwork after another with a certain "tonal change" that BEGINS with The Wrong Man. (Which is when John Michael Hayes stopped writing Hitchcock scripts, after four in a row.)
The blockbuster grosses on low investment of Psycho were a once-in-a-lifetime thing for Hitch, but I'm sure he had gauged his work as a profitable producer very well in the fifties. With To Catch a Thief and Man '56 as big hits, he could indulge himself with The Trouble With Harry and The Wrong Man(for which he took no pay). When The Wrong Man and Vertigo underperformed, he sorta kinda remade The 39 Steps(and Saboteur, and The Lady Vanishes) as NXNW and did great, did fine. He knew how to split up his hits and his art.
The oddity is probably that he managed to follow up a big hit(NXNW) with an even bigger hit(Psycho.) He rarely did things that big back to back, that "entertaining" back to back. (Instead we've got I Confess following Strangers on a Train; The Wrong Man following Man '56.)
Ecarle has long touted the idea of a multi-season series dramatizing Hitchcock's career.
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And where oh where, is a taker? Ryan Murphy, c'mon!
Hell...Matthew Weiner or David Chase. They both threaded Hitchcock all through Mad Men(especially) and The Sopranos.
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Hitch-at-a-loose-end, needing-a-hit would occur a few times in such a series, e.g., around 1950 and around 1970 especially. By way of contrast, 1959 as a low doesn't fly.
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True. The 1950 and 1970 change-ups came after long slumps -- The Paradine Case through Stage Fright begat Strangers on a Train. Marnie through Topaz begat Frenzy. Interesting how similar Strangers and a Train and Frenzy ARE: A wrong man and a psycho. One strangles the other's ex or estranged wife. Hitchcock said of both pictures(to Truffaut about Strangers, to the press about Frenzy) that he made them to " run for cover" -- to go for a tried and true formula story to get a needed hit.
But hey, he did that with North by Northwest, too, didn't he? A wrong man, no psycho. Spies. Romance. Comedy. "Run for cover." After the depressing plots of The Wrong Man and Vertigo...a corrective.
And this: Hitch DOES seem to have found "the turn of the decade" a time to "do something new." 1940: Come to America(Rebecca.) 1950: "Something fast and wild" (Strangers on a Train, released in '51.) 1960: 'Something more fast and wild and violent and censor-busting" (Psycho.) 1970: "Something fast and wild and sexual and R-rated"(Frenzy, book found in 1970, film made in '71 for '72.)
That three out of four times, it was psychos that made for the decade boost, well..."run for cover." Psychos were Hitchcock's best villains, really.
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I don't think that what Water's is quoted as saying is a million miles from what some of Hitchcock's peers and critics thought and said at the time.
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I have engaged swanstep in support of the idea that Hitchocck was NOT in a slump, but I can certainly engage you in that there seems to have been some sort of "taking for granted" of him during that period. I'm not looking to "play both sides here" so much as to say that John Waters remark SHOULD be considered.
Me, I used to see Vertigo, NXNW, Psycho and The Birds as some sort of grand slam that the public must have worshiped in those years. But it was not so. Vertigo came and went, NXNW was evidently seen as a good thriller, nothing more("It became bigger and bigger over the years," said its screenwriter, Ernest Lehman.) In those same years, movies like Gigi, Ben-Hur, West Side Story and The Guns of Navarone were big, too. And John Wayne movies. And Doris Day.
Psycho was a huge hit, but the first reviews were very dismissive or disgusted by it(Time magazine rather famously switched to seeing it as a masterpiece AFTER it became a huge hit; after an outraged pan, they changed their capsule reviews of the film with each week after it opened and it made the Ten Best List of '60.)
And The Birds -- ironically -- was taken to task: "It isn't as scary as Psycho."
But with all this said, there can be no doubt that Hitchcock had very few periods to match the power of his 1958-1963 group, and Psycho is the game changer that made all the others look great.
(Other possible periods of galvanic Hitchocckian achievement are likely the 30's corridor with The 39 Steps and The Lady Vanishes; and the Rebecca/Suspicion opening game in America.)