I think the crux of the issue here is that the movie isn't a full adaptation of the book. It's an adaptation of one particular section of the book (beginning when Aron and Cal are already teenagers and during the war) and is primarily concerned with focusing on the family dynamic of Adam, Aron and Cal - and, to a lesser extent, Kate. Therefore, anything superfluous to that or any characters whose main influence occurs earlier in the book is cut. Every Hamilton is cut apart from Will, Charles Trask and Adam's family history in general are never even mentioned, Abra's family history is condensed into a single monologue, etc. Lee, while a major character in the book, falls under this category - his primary connection to Adam occurs before Cal and Aron are born and for the first few years of their lives and his influence beyond that is only tangential. Since, as I said, the film starts when Aron and Cal are in their teens, it's sort of inevitable that he would be cut. If it were a full adaptation of the book, I'd agree it would be a monumental mistake to cut him; but for what it is, I'm afraid the decision does make perfect sense.
Also, for what it's worth, John Steinbeck himself gave full approval of the finished film, including the decision to only adapt the last third of it.
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