MovieChat Forums > Nightmare Alley (1947) Discussion > Ambiguity of the movie and its character...

Ambiguity of the movie and its characters


Poster funkyfry made some fascinating points in a review from July 2007. He/she suggests the possibility that Stan Carlisle my be a " functioning psychotic" who carries the seeds of his own destruction within him. The strange encounter between Stan and his former collaborator Dr. Lilith Ritter is loaded with ambiguity. Stan is furious to find out that the envelope from the rich man Grindle contains only $150 in singles, and not the $150,000 he had been told was in it. Lilith claims not to have opened it. She also claims not to hear the approaching police sirens, that cause Stan to run away in panic. Is it possible that Grindle slipped him the smaller amount of money as a con of his own, and that the sirens are imaginary, due to Stan's guilty conscience? Or is Lilith trying to make him look crazy, both to himself and the police?

Lilith is crooked enough to play along with Stan's schemes of defrauding rich clients, but when you look at it, Grindle never actually comes through with any of his promises, that I'm aware of. He gives the sealed envelope of cash to Stan, and Stan tells Lilith that Grindle has promised him funds to build a tabernacle and his own radio station. If Grindle is actually convinced of Stan's mystical abilities, after his initial skepticism, it seems odd that he would deliberately put a smaller amount of money than he claimed in the envelope. Yet the fact is that Stan never opens it until after his disastrous meeting with Grindle, and asks Lilith for it when he plans to skip town. So we really have no way of knowing for sure how much was in it.

I'm inclined to believe that Lilith is setting Stan up to doubt his own sanity so as to make it easier to deal with him, but it seems just possible that Grindle deliberately gave him less money than he claimed, perhaps testing him.

The other ambiguity of course is the question of the possibility of the genuine supernatural existing alongside of the bogus mystical trickery of Zeena's mind reading act and Stanton's mediumistic powers. The tarot cards that Zeena believes in may also hold genuine predictions of the future, but it's up to each viewer to determine how much might be real and how much just coincidence. It's an unusually thoughtful and interesting way of presenting these ideas, for a movie made in the Forties. This film may well be unique for its time period. It's probably not surprising that the movie didn't do well at the box office when it was new. Even now, it's a disturbing and strange picture, that retains its power to challenge and disquiet the viewer.


And when he crossed the bridge, the phantoms came to meet him

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There are some interesting speculations in your post. I agree with you that a reading of the film where Lilith (Helen Walker) is truly a conscientious and caring psychologist with a delusional patient is possible. However, I don't buy Grindle putting $150 in the envelope. There is nothing to suggest he is any kind of a shakedown artist. He would stand to gain precisely nothing and would stand to lose $150 with the play you suggest. If there really only was $150 in the envelope, then it was Stanton who put it there.

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I concluded that Lilith swapped the ones for the one thousand dollar notes--Stanton was a con man, and given his mistrusting nature, I cannot accept that he wouldn't peek in the envelope to see what $150K looks like. If he had peeked and had not seen $150K, he would not have continued to develop the con of Grindle. Stanton must have opened the enevelope, confirmed the amount and then re-sealed it. Lilith was no straight arrow--wasn't there something shady about the way she recorded her patients' sessions? She feigned not to hear the sirens to signal to Stanton the story she was going to tell the police, in order to allow herself to keep, without suspicion falling on her, the money. She's the femme fatale here.

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******** SPOILER ALERT!!! *********

While you do make some interesting points (and what a spectacular scene between Lilith and Stan towards the end!), I think it is pretty clear that Lilith has set Stan up, conned the con man, as it were, and the movie is painting her as the queen of the cons...notwithstanding his own skills, Stan was in way over his head.

I feel certain in saying this for several reasons. I agree that Grindle could not have swindled Stan. First of all, a con man like Stan would definitely have counted the $150K at some point. I also really can't see any reason why Grindle would try to shortchange Stan, considering how much he admired Tyrone's "powers" (ha!).

More importantly, Lilith knew there was (or was supposed to be) $150K in the envelope because Stan told her so in the scene where they meet on the boat on Lake Michigan. She should have acted as surprised as Stan was at the end if she wasn't guilty and there wasn't enough money in the envelope. Also, you can see how reluctant she is for Stan to open the envelope when he picks it up from her; he wants Lilith to keep some of the money so that he has a back up in case he gets picked up by the police, presumably. She insists that he should keep it all because if he came back to her, he would lead the authorities right to her as well. It struck me as odd at the time that Lilith didn't even want some of the money for her trouble...and when Stan found out the truth, I had an "a-ha" moment.

Part of what makes that last scene with Stan and Lilith so great is that it really does make us wonder whether Stan was crazy or not (and it clearly makes Stan wonder as well). Even during that scene, I knew deep down that Stan wasn't crazy, but that he got swindled...and that's probably even worse. I think Stan knew it as well...I think he begins his downward spiral at the end not because he is afraid he is crazy, but because he knows he fell victim to the very ruse he had been using his whole career to trick people.





"Remember last week when you asked me what the definition of irony was......."

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That was the most frustrating scene I have ever witnessed in a film in my entire life. After that the movie just became a depressing misery for me. I didn't like how Stanton's character was so insecure and had such an innate lack of confidence that he allowed himself to get swindled by the corrupt psychologist (and I personally despise shrinks precisely for this type of behaviour).

It would've been one thing if he had gotten caught by a "good guy" character, but that he got screwed over like that by Lilith is just a travesty.

I've never read the book but I've always hoped that the story is different and that Stanton screws the shrink over instead. As far as I'm concerned he's not the bad guy at all, just one of the greatest anti-heroes of film noir.

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[deleted]

I don't know if they tried to change Ritter's character in the movie, but in the book, she very definitely was conning Stan. She ends up marrying Grindle! Oh, and in the book, she DOES have sex with Stan. But that was probably more a reflection of the priggishnessof movies during that time.

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A pox upon you, for posting what you did, before I could.

Just saw this on TV, and wandered over here to see what had been written.

Was going to postulate the genesis of Frasier's wife's character, when I see you beat me to it. Surely that fine show's creators had borrowed from this film.

Your observations on the shrink are spot on, from her attire to her methods to her gamesmanship.

It's one of the fine subplots of this excellent movie -- the juxtaposition of the two con-people looking down at the rubes to whom they feel superior, and the vastly different subcultures from whence they spring. One fleeces the poor, then aspires to fleece the rich; the other already fleeces the rich, and slums it to fleece the poor bastard who wanders into her web.

While I'm digressing, one of the finer scenes of the movie was near the end, when Stan repeats the 'boy and a dog' trick on the hobo, as Pete had gotten him with earlier. In itself, this was done well, but made all the better, when the hobos themselves showed their rapt attention to his story was only a diversion itself, so they could get his bottle, and after draining the last of it, went poof, in the night.

Everybody uses everybody.

(If you read another thread on here, you'll see that I saw the original, in the theater, when it was released, and it DID contain the geek scene of Power with the chicken in hand, about to bite its head off; this was soon excised, but only by its inclusion is the last scene, of his raving, explainable.)

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I thought Stan gave Pete the wood alcohol by mistake, pulling that bottle out of Zeena's trunk instead of the bottle of alcohol he had just bought and initially hidden from Pete.

"Two more swords and I'll be Queen of the Monkey People." Roseanne

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That's what I thought.

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Anti-hero??

Surely you realize it was he who killed Pete, by giving him the $2 shine he'd just bought for the purpose. And that he compounded it by hiding the bottle of "wood alcohol" - rubbing alcohol, as the masseur later used on him -- to reinforce Zeena's guilt that she'd been the cause of Pete's death.

That's no anti-hero, despite the clumsy attempt to bestow some humanity on him, when he treats Molly with some unselfish decency at the train station. He'd been a conniving user the whole time, and a killer, who knew full well that the shine would be the end of Pete.

Insecurity and lack of confidence were not two of The Great Stanton's traits.

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I disagree that it's so clear..... I don't think that Stan was necessarily consciously trying to kill Pete. You can interpret it that way, but the film also leaves it open to the possibility that it was an entirely unconscious action. The disparity between Stan's conscious and unconscious motives and actions is what leads to his neurosis, which manifests itself later during the massage.

Did I not love him, Cooch? MY OWN FLESH I DIDN'T LOVE BETTER!!! But he had to say 'Nooooooooo'

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[deleted]

Hi there, funkfry here... I just rewatched the movie for the first time in a couple years and thought I'd come around here to see what the conversation is. I'm glad my original comments have had such a good response. In fact one person was so excited about them that she sent me a whole bunch of Tyrone Power movies so I could review those too! Unfortunately although many are quite good, especially "Prince of Foxes", I haven't seen another movie where Tyrone Power is just so incredibly well suited to his role.

I'm surprise so many of the responders have said "Stan would have counted the money first." You can clearly see the envelope is still sealed when he gives it to Lillith. At that point he thinks that he's really got Grindle hooked so he's not that hugely concerned about the "insurance" fund. Certainly it's obvious that Lillith was just tricking him and that she exchanged the money... but then maybe that's TOO obvious. And the envelope is still sealed. It's not as if Grindle was a particularly trusting soul, was he? I just think the film presents more angles than just the most obvious one where he got outsmarted by a better con. I'm not convinced that he hallucinated the meeting at the river when she tried to seduce him, plus how would he have gotten the information on Grindle without Lillith's help? Then again, just because I'm not convinced doesn't mean I'm not open to the possibility. In the meeting of the river, there are some odd occurrences, such as the way their last lines of dialog are drowned out by the motor. That could be the sign of a fragmenting auditory hallucination. And perhaps Stan snuck back into Lillith's office and stole the records of Grindle's sessions to get that information.

I don't believe the film was clearly saying one thing or the other; they wanted us to be uncertain ourselves at that point, as to what is and what is not real. That makes the whole film much more interesting.

Did I not love him, Cooch? MY OWN FLESH I DIDN'T LOVE BETTER!!! But he had to say 'Nooooooooo'

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I'm inclined to believe that Lilith is setting Stan up to doubt his own sanity so as to make it easier to deal with him, but it seems just possible that Grindle deliberately gave him less money than he claimed, perhaps testing him.

The other ambiguity of course is the question of the possibility of the genuine supernatural existing alongside of the bogus mystical trickery of Zeena's mind reading act and Stanton's mediumistic powers. The tarot cards that Zeena believes in may also hold genuine predictions of the future, but it's up to each viewer to determine how much might be real and how much just coincidence. It's an unusually thoughtful and interesting way of presenting these ideas, for a movie made in the Forties.

“The greater the ambiguity, the greater the pleasure.” This film was definitely ahead of its time.

☁☀☁

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