Speaking of African-Americans on TV, and going back further from the late-1940s to the mid-1940s, as I mentioned on the WW2 on TV thread, WCBW showed in 1944 a bunch of WW2 information films, most of them long forgotten and probably forgettable, but for which also included two notable films related to the above topic, "Negro Colleges in Wartime" and "The Negro Soldier". The broadcasts of these films is described in old 1944 editions of "Billboard" magazine. While not produced specifically for television, they nevertheless represent early example of content broadcast on the very young medium.
The question - What was the first show to feature a "Black" person - I don't know the answer, but the BBC's 1938 production of "The Emperor Jones" is a contender:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0259292/
The production is lost, like all pre-1947 BBC live shows, but actor Robert Adams, for those who are curious, can be viewed in a supporting role the 1935 film "Midshipman Easy", released on DVD on the set "Ealing Studios Rarities Collection - Volume 2".
But of course that is the 1930s and not the late-1940s.
As for the early days of mainstream TV (late-1940s US), it depended on the show, the host, the producer and even the sponsor. I don't think any African-Americans ever appeared on Fred Waring's show or "Howdy Doody", but they were featured relatively often on Ed Sullivan's show and a few others. Admittedly, these appearances fell into the stale cliché of African-Americans being entertainers (singers, dancers, occasional comedy act) which I admit shows a lack of progressive thinking on behalf of NBC, CBS, DuMont and ABC.
We're not fighting! We're in complete agreement! We hate each other!
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