Hello crothman,
please allow me a comment on your statement:
"The better example is the invasion of the Sudetenland and of Poland. Hitler pretended Germany was attacked as a justification."
I think these two cases are different from each other, in various points:
1) The vast majority of inhabitants of the Sudetenland were Germans, at the time. There were czech inhabitants, too, but of these, a high percentage had been sent there from 1919 et seq. by the Czech Government to occupy official positions, such as customs officials, P.O. administrators, policemen, members of the Public Transportation (that meant, in these days, mostly railroad officials and workers); also there were many czech teachers who had migrated there in the post-war years. - At the same time a corresponding (I guess, more than corresponding) number of german officials and employees had been laid off.
Which makes me suppose that, although many of the inhabitants of the Sudetenland did not really "like" Hitler and the Nazi movement, many of them were simply fed up with the Nationalism prctised at their expense by the Czechs, in other words, most german people there preferred to live under a German rule (which they knew was anything else than a democracy!) than to live further under the constant "pressure" from the Czechs. Which doesn't mean that there hadn't been lots of Czechs who were on the best terms with their german neighbours (my own grand-parents had no problems with the Czechs before 1945 - there wasn't any deep-rooted hatred between the two people; it was instigated during the War years, on both sides, but mostly from the Czechs).
All in all, I think the cession of the Sudetenland to the Reich was in full compliance with the principles which no less a leading politician had proclaimed than President Woodrow Wilson. (In 1918 et seq. the Czechs and others didn't want to hear anything about that. Germany was weak and defeated, then. But it's no big surprise that when that had changed, the German Government tried and managed to rectify that injustice. It was tragic that it was the Nazi Government in lieu of, e.g., Stresemann or any other well-respected democratic leader who scored that success! But it surely wasn't contrary to the People's right of Self-Determination (I don't know how the term is in English; in german it reads Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker).
As to the occupation of the so-called Rest-Tschechei (inner parts of Bohemia and Moravia) in March 1939, it was, of course, a gross contravention against just the right of self-determination the Germans had claimed some months ago. But you mentioned only the Sudetenland.
2) As to Poland / September 1939 - well, that's quite a different story! Even should the Polish regime have been quite as brutal as the Germans assured the world more than one time (it's possible but the German case had been "warped", in September 1939, by the fact that there were obvious exaggerations in the number of victims of the Polish violence - so that the world was lead to believe all accusations were groundless. They weren't, for sure, BUT the so-called Polish Corridor had a very mixed population, it was much more difficult to draw a clear line of separation between the two people, AND there had been a deep-rooted antagonism between both, for decades BEFORE 1914.
Dangerous as the situation may have been for the Germans under Polish rule in 1939, that could not justify the armed invasion. (And it certainly didn't improve the Germans' situation but imperilled them still more, for awhile... think about the events in and around Bromberg /now Bydgoscz, and similar massacres...)
Summary:
as to 1 - the Sudetenland retrocession can't be considered as a violation of the International Law (and wasn't treated as such by Great Britain, France, other Great powers; that did change only after WWII had started; e.g. from 1942 dates the declaration of the British that they consider the Munich Treaty nul and void from now on).
as to 2 - the War between Germany and Poland was an outright invasion, despite all the provocations by the Poles, and despite the suffering of the German minority (in parenthesis: the other minorities weren't better off, too). It is true, the Germans had offered a last-minute-plan of, I think, 13 points to the Poles which they did not even care - to my knowledge - to respond upon; the reason for that stubbornness was the British "blank check" from March 1939, offering assistance; and the Western Powers unnecessarily extended the German-Polish conflict into a worldwide war; but that's no excuse for the Germans having invaded a (seemingly) peace-loving neighbour state. Diplomacy had not been at the end of its means; that's the impression all the world had then, and I fear it will last forever.
This was written in a hurry and without checking back, as to the grammar, spelling, prepositions, interpunction, etc. - so please excuse misprints etc. :-)
Kind regards
sprendlinger
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